{"id":9668,"date":"2023-03-19T09:09:00","date_gmt":"2023-03-19T08:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=9668"},"modified":"2023-03-18T23:16:55","modified_gmt":"2023-03-18T22:16:55","slug":"antonio-vivaldi-nejen-pozvanka-na-koncert","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=9668","title":{"rendered":"Antonio Vivaldi: (nejen) pozv\u00e1nka na koncert"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V obdob\u00ed baroka se cel\u00e1 Evropa zm\u00edtala v n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch nepokoj\u00edch. Jejich p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou byl rozkol mezi katolick\u00fdm jihem a protestansk\u00fdm severem. Spory vyvrcholily t\u0159icetiletou v\u00e1lkou prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed mezi lety 1618 – 1648. I po ukon\u010den\u00ed v\u00e1lky v\u0161ak spory pokra\u010dovaly d\u00e1l. Konflikt byl prov\u00e1zen hladomorem a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm morovou epidemi\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila i na na\u0161e \u00fazem\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b do t\u00e9to neklidn\u00e9 doby se 4. b\u0159ezna 1678 narodil jeden z nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hudebn\u00edch skladatel\u016f Antonio Vivaldi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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Vivaldiho rodn\u00e9 Ben\u00e1tky v roc\u011b 1738 (Canaletto)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Na sv\u011bt pr\u00fd p\u0159i\u0161el za dramatick\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed, v dob\u011b jeho narozen\u00ed Ben\u00e1tky zas\u00e1hlo slab\u00e9 zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed. Chlapec byl oproti ostatn\u00edm novorozenc\u016fm slab\u00fd a drobn\u00fd. I z toho d\u016fvodu jej nam\u00edsto kn\u011bze pok\u0159tila sama porodn\u00ed b\u00e1ba. Dostal jm\u00e9no Antonio Lucio Vivaldi. Jeho rodi\u010de cht\u011bli, aby se stal kn\u011bzem. Duchovn\u00edm se Vivaldi po deseti letech studi\u00ed opravdu stal, v roce 1703 byl vysv\u011bcen na kn\u011bze. Tak tak\u00e9 vznikla jeho p\u0159ezd\u00edvka il Prete Rosso, tedy zrzav\u00fd kn\u011bz (Vivaldi m\u011bl rus\u00e9 vlasy), kter\u00e1 ho prov\u00e1zela i v jeho pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed um\u011bleck\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze. Nakonec se ale jako far\u00e1\u0159 nemohl \u017eivit, proto\u017ee m\u011bl v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9my. Kv\u016fli vrozen\u00e9mu z\u00fa\u017een\u00ed hrtanu trp\u011bl t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm astmatem. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e1sku k hudb\u011b zd\u011bdil po sv\u00e9m otci, kter\u00fd, a\u010dkoliv se \u017eivil jako holi\u010d, byl vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm hudebn\u00edkem. Hr\u00e1l dokonce s orchestrem v chr\u00e1mu svat\u00e9ho Marka v Ben\u00e1tk\u00e1ch. Tak se Antonio ji\u017e od mali\u010dka nau\u010dil l\u00e1sce k hudb\u011b a h\u0159e na housle. Kompozici se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ze za\u010d\u00e1tku u\u010dil u Giovanniho Legrenziho, italsk\u00e9ho varhan\u00edka a uzn\u00e1van\u00e9ho skladatele, kter\u00fd p\u016fsobil v chr\u00e1mu svat\u00e9ho Marka jako kapeln\u00edk orchestru, kde hr\u00e1l Vivaldiho otec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roce 1703, u\u017e jako zn\u00e1m\u00fd hudebn\u00edk, za\u010dal Vivaldi s\u00e1m vyu\u010dovat hru na housle v sirot\u010dinci Pio Ospedale della Piet\u00e1, kde byl vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed soubor slo\u017een\u00fd p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z mlad\u00fdch d\u00edvek. Vivaldi tam tak\u00e9 vedl sbor. Sirot\u010dinci se z finan\u010dn\u00ed str\u00e1nky velmi dob\u0159e da\u0159ilo, a to d\u00edky tomu, \u017ee tam byly umis\u0165ov\u00e1ny neman\u017eelsk\u00e9 d\u011bti mu\u017e\u016f z vysok\u00fdch spole\u010densk\u00fdch vrstev. Sirot\u010dinec n\u00e1m z dne\u0161n\u00edho pohledu nemus\u00ed p\u0159ipadat jako nijak presti\u017en\u00ed m\u00edsto, opak je ale pravdou. Studium hudby v Ospedalsk\u00e9m sirot\u010dinci bylo velmi kvalitn\u00ed a dalo by se p\u0159irovnat ke studiu na konzervato\u0159i.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Gabriele Bella\u200e: Vystoupen\u00ed Ospedalsk\u00e9ho sboru (kolem roku 1720). Zdroj – Autor: Didier Descouens \u2013 Vlastn\u00ed d\u00edlo, CC BY-SA 4.0, https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=85925032<\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

V pr\u016fb\u011bhu prvn\u00ed poloviny 18. stolet\u00ed, tedy do doby vrcholn\u00e9ho baroka, byli za nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed skladatele pova\u017eov\u00e1ni krom\u011b Vivaldiho Georg tak\u00e9 Fridrich H\u00e4ndel nebo Johann Sebastian Bach. V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b se ji\u017e odborn\u00edci shoduj\u00ed na tom, \u017ee Vivaldi m\u011bl na Bacha podstatn\u00fd vliv. Bach tak\u00e9 p\u0159epsal \u0161est Vivaldiho koncert\u016f, p\u016fvodn\u011b m\u011bly b\u00fdt pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, Bach je ale posl\u00e9ze upravil pouze pro klav\u00edr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vivaldiho d\u00edlo je velmi rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9, v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee je autorem bezm\u00e1la osmi set hudebn\u00edch d\u011bl. Nejv\u00edce napsal koncert\u016f, hlavn\u011b houslov\u00fdch, proto\u017ee se s\u00e1m h\u0159e na housle intenzivn\u011b v\u011bnoval.Koncerty v\u0161ak psal i pro violoncello, hoboj, fl\u00e9tnu, lesn\u00ed rohy nebo mandol\u00ednu. Napsal tak\u00e9 \u00fadajn\u011b 45 oper, z nich\u017e se n\u00e1m dochovalo pouze 16. Za jeho \u017eivota byl Vivaldi zn\u00e1m hlavn\u011b d\u00edky nim. Jeho opery byly obl\u00edben\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na v rodn\u00fdch Ben\u00e1tk\u00e1ch, Florencii, \u0158\u00edm\u011b, Mil\u00e1n\u011b, ve V\u00eddni, v Lond\u00fdn\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 v Praze. <\/p>\n\n\n

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Vivaldiho karikatura od Piera Leone Ghezzi. Zdroj – Autor: Pier Leone Ghezzi \u2013 http:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b84256326, Voln\u00e9 d\u00edlo, https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=758731<\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Podnikl i n\u011bkolik turn\u00e9 po Evrop\u011b, kde doprov\u00e1zel italskou opern\u00ed p\u011bvkyni Annu Gir\u00f2, jen\u017e vystupovala v jeho oper\u00e1ch. Vivaldi pro ni r\u00e1d skl\u00e1dal, mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b pro jej\u00ed netypick\u00fd kontraalt, kter\u00fdm uchvacovala div\u00e1ky po cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b. Vivaldi m\u011bl v\u00fdraznou vazbu na Prahu, a to d\u00edky ben\u00e1tsk\u00e9mu tenoru Antoniu Denziovi, kter\u00fd tu del\u0161\u00ed dobu p\u016fsobil. Denzi\u016fv hudebn\u00ed soubor se stal prvn\u00edm st\u00e1l\u00fdm opern\u00edm uskupen\u00edm v Praze, a to zejm\u00e9na d\u00edky \u0161t\u011bdr\u00e9 podpo\u0159e \u010desk\u00e9ho \u0161lechtice, hrab\u011bte Anton\u00edna \u0160porka. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tento mecen\u00e1\u0161 jim umo\u017enil vystupovat zdarma ve \u0160porkov\u011b divadle v pra\u017esk\u00e9m stejnojmenn\u00e9m pal\u00e1ci. Denzio po\u017e\u00e1dal o pomoc v t\u00e9 dob\u011b ji\u017e uzn\u00e1van\u00e9ho Vivaldiho, a to kv\u016fli nedostatku zp\u011bv\u00e1k\u016f v souboru. Vivaldi vyhov\u011bl jeho \u017e\u00e1dosti, poslal mu i n\u011bkter\u00e9 sv\u00e9 skladby. Po\u010d\u00e1tkem 30. let 18. stolet\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed Vivaldi do Prahy, aby tu uvedl n\u011bkter\u00e9 sv\u00e9 opery. Podle historik\u016f si Prahu zamiloval, m\u011bl ji pr\u00fd mnohem rad\u0161i ne\u017e V\u00edde\u0148. Oblibu pra\u017esk\u00e9ho publika dokazuje fakt, \u017ee tu b\u011bhem pouh\u00fdch dvou let bylo uvedeno p\u011bt jeho nov\u00fdch oper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vivaldiho nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u00edlo je bezpochyby cyklus \u010dty\u0159 houslov\u00fdch koncert\u016f, zn\u00e1m pod n\u00e1zvem \u010ctvero ro\u010dn\u00edch obdob\u00ed. Housle jsou na\u0161\u00edm pr\u016fvodcem m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159\u00edrodou. Na ja\u0159e m\u016f\u017eeme sly\u0161et zur\u010d\u00edc\u00ed pot\u016f\u010dek, past\u00fd\u0159e nebo zp\u011bv pt\u00e1k\u016f. Dal\u0161\u00edm obdob\u00edm je l\u00e9to, kter\u00e9 Vivaldi vyjad\u0159uje bou\u0159kou, vich\u0159ic\u00ed \u010di bzu\u010den\u00edm kom\u00e1r\u016f. Pro podzim jsou typick\u00e9 \u017en\u011b, lov a tak\u00e9 s n\u00edm spojen\u00fd \u00fat\u011bk. Zima zase vyjad\u0159uje chlad, ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed krb nebo led. \u010ctvero ro\u010dn\u00edch obdob\u00ed bylo a je \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou skladbou, ale Vivaldi je autorem i dal\u0161\u00edch nad\u010dasov\u00fdch hudebn\u00edch d\u011bl a byla by chyba spojovat si jej pouze s t\u00edmto d\u00edlem. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud byste si cht\u011bli poslechnout \u010ctvero ro\u010dn\u00edch obdob\u00ed na\u017eivo, je st\u00e1le mo\u017en\u00e9 si zakoupit vstupenky na koncert v Obecn\u00edm dom\u011b<\/strong>, kter\u00fd se kon\u00e1 31. b\u0159ezna ve 20:00 hodin. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Text vznikl v r\u00e1mci projektu Studentsk\u00e9 zpravodajstv\u00ed, kter\u00fd d\u00e1v\u00e1 mlad\u00fdm lidem p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost z\u00edskat zku\u0161enosti s redak\u010dn\u00edm psan\u00edm<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroj \u00favodn\u00edho obr\u00e1zku – Autor: Nezn\u00e1m\u00fd mal\u00ed\u0159 \u2013 (Old image: Taken from the en.wikipedia), Voln\u00e9 d\u00edlo, https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=10678<\/sup><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V obdob\u00ed baroka se cel\u00e1 Evropa zm\u00edtala v n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch nepokoj\u00edch. Jejich p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou byl rozkol mezi katolick\u00fdm jihem a protestansk\u00fdm severem. Spory vyvrcholily t\u0159icetiletou v\u00e1lkou prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed mezi lety 1618 – 1648. I po ukon\u010den\u00ed v\u00e1lky v\u0161ak spory pokra\u010dovaly d\u00e1l. Konflikt byl prov\u00e1zen hladomorem a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm morovou epidemi\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila i na na\u0161e \u00fazem\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b do […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":9723,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9668","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-studentske-zpravodajstvi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9668","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9668"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9668\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9735,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9668\/revisions\/9735"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9723"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9668"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9668"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9668"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}