{"id":9147,"date":"2023-02-17T10:50:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-17T09:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=9147"},"modified":"2023-02-16T07:45:20","modified_gmt":"2023-02-16T06:45:20","slug":"ceho-jsou-schopne-vyskove-balony","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=9147","title":{"rendered":"\u010ceho jsou schopn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e9 bal\u00f3ny?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd balon, kter\u00fd p\u0159edminul\u00fd t\u00fdden prolet\u011bl nad USA, let\u011bl mnohem v\u00fd\u0161e ne\u017e osobn\u00ed letadla, a to ve v\u00fd\u0161ce zhruba 18km. Toto \u010d\u00edslo je ov\u0161em sm\u011b\u0161n\u00e9, pokud ho srovn\u00e1me s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20230210-what-it-takes-to-build-a-balloon-for-100000ft\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20230210-what-it-takes-to-build-a-balloon-for-100000ft\">rekordn\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161kou zdolanou balonem<\/a> v roce 2002, kter\u00e1 \u010din\u00ed 53 kilometr\u016f. Jak je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee je vzdu\u0161n\u00fd balon dos\u00e1hnout takov\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161ek?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V kv\u011btnu 2002 balon vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd z balonov\u00e9ho centra Sanriku (SBC) na severu Japonska v tichosti p\u0159ekonal v\u0161echny absolutn\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e9 rekordy, kter\u00e9 kdy lidstvo stanovilo. B\u011bhem chv\u00edle p\u0159ekonal v\u0161echny v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e9 rekordy, kter\u00e9 kdy byly dosa\u017eeny jak\u00fdmkoli druhem letadla, a\u0165 u\u017e vrtuln\u00edkem, letadlem poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdm vrtul\u00ed nebo proudov\u00fdm letadlem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Balon dokonce p\u0159ekonal rekordn\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ku, kter\u00e9 dos\u00e1hl b\u00fdval\u00fd mana\u017eer spole\u010dnosti Google Alan Eustace v roce 2014, kdy vystoupal balonem do v\u00fd\u0161ky 41,4 km, ne\u017e vystoupil z kapsle a sko\u010dil, \u010d\u00edm\u017e \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b stanovil sv\u011btov\u00fd rekord ve skoku pad\u00e1kem. Balon stoupal d\u00e1le a\u017e do mezosf\u00e9ry, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje nejchladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st atmosf\u00e9ry. Zde m\u016f\u017ee teplota klesnout a\u017e na -143 \u00b0C, co\u017e je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed teplota, ne\u017e jak\u00e1 kdy byla zaznamen\u00e1na na zemsk\u00e9m povrchu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e balon dos\u00e1hl v\u00fd\u0161ky 53 km, v\u0161ichni \u010dlenov\u00e9 testovac\u00edho t\u00fdmu se spole\u010dn\u011b s \u0159editelem SBC Haruto Hirosawou shrom\u00e1\u017edili v p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00ed m\u00edstnosti a tleskali tomuto velk\u00e9mu \u00fasp\u011bchu. V\u00fd\u0161e lidstvo vyst\u0159elilo pouze p\u0159edm\u011bty vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 raketami nebo z d\u011bl. Nejbl\u00ed\u017ee k hranic\u00edm vesm\u00edru se lid\u00e9 a jejich v\u011bdeck\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje dostaly sp\u00ed\u0161e d\u00edky balon\u016fm ne\u017e letadl\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bal\u00f3ny, kter\u00e9 dosahuj\u00ed velk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161ek &#8211; jako nap\u0159\u00edklad rekordn\u00ed bal\u00f3n z roku 2002 nebo \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd bal\u00f3n, kter\u00fd tento m\u011bs\u00edc zp\u016fsobil diplomatick\u00fd incident s USA &#8211; jsou samoz\u0159ejm\u011b jin\u00fd druh ne\u017e horkovzdu\u0161n\u00e9 bal\u00f3ny pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 k proj\u00ed\u017e\u010fk\u00e1m. Co je ale pot\u0159eba k tomu, aby se balon dostal tak vysoko a udr\u017eel se tam? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sv\u00e9 o tom v\u00ed Russ Van Der Werff z Raven Aerostar, co\u017e je americk\u00fd v\u00fdrobce v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fdch balon\u016f. Van Der Werff, viceprezident spole\u010dnosti pro stratosf\u00e9rick\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, je in\u017een\u00fdr, kter\u00fd vede t\u00fdm navrhuj\u00edc\u00ed balony pro pou\u017eit\u00ed kilometry nad letovou oblast\u00ed letadel. Za posledn\u00edch 10 let vypustila spole\u010dnost Raven Aerostar v\u00edce ne\u017e 3 000 balon\u016f a b\u011bhem t\u00e9to doby zdokonalila zp\u016fsob jejich stavby. <em>\u201ePou\u017eili jsme r\u016fzn\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed plast\u016f. A m\u00e1me n\u011bkolik patentovan\u00fdch mechanism\u016f, kter\u00e9 nyn\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me a kter\u00e9 jsou v\u00fdrazn\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ty, kter\u00e9 jsme pou\u017e\u00edvali p\u0159ed 10 lety. Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u011bc\u00ed je zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm se plast \u0161ije nebo sva\u0159uje dohromady, co\u017e je speci\u00e1ln\u00ed proces, do kter\u00e9ho jsme vlo\u017eili mnoho iterac\u00ed.&#8220;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V z\u00e1vislosti na sv\u00e9m \u00fa\u010delu nesou tyto balony cokoli od v\u011bdeck\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159es komunika\u010dn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u017e po senzory nebo kamery pro pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011b pod nimi, pokud se jedn\u00e1 o \u0161pion\u00e1\u017e. Podle Van Der Werffa je to n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, pro kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed navrhnout. <em>\u201eNavrhovat elektroniku pro bal\u00f3n je podobn\u00e9 jako navrhovat elektroniku pro kosmickou lo\u010f. Atmosf\u00e9ra ve v\u00fd\u0161ce pouh\u00fdch 27 km m\u00e1 asi 1 % hustoty, jak\u00e1 je zde.<\/em> <em>Naho\u0159e je [z\u00e1rove\u0148] velmi chladno, dost\u00e1v\u00e1me se a\u017e na -80C,&#8220;<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bal\u00f3ny jsou mnohem levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dru\u017eice vyslan\u00e9 raketou, co\u017e je \u010din\u00ed nejen komer\u010dn\u011b vyu\u017eiteln\u00fdmi, ale tak\u00e9 dostupn\u00fdmi pro nad\u0161en\u00e9 amat\u00e9ry. Jedn\u00edm z nich je i Steve Randall. Za posledn\u00edch 15 let vyslal do vzduchu v\u00edce ne\u017e 200 balon\u016f z okol\u00ed sv\u00e9ho domova ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Anglii a pom\u00e1h\u00e1 \u0159\u00eddit spole\u010dnost Random Engineering, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00fdrobou v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fdch balon\u016f. Randall \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed p\u0159ita\u017elivosti balon\u016f je to, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o zku\u0161enost, kter\u00e1 je nejbl\u00ed\u017ee dotknut\u00ed se vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201eTypick\u00fd latexov\u00fd bal\u00f3n se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b dostane do v\u00fd\u0161ky asi 30km,&#8220;<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1. <em>\u201eM\u016fj nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed let byl 45 km. To v\u00e1m d\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159edstavu o tom, \u010deho je mo\u017en\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout.&#8220;<\/em> Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed lety jsou mo\u017en\u00e9, jak dok\u00e1zali Japonci v roce 2002, ale je to spojeno s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cenou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>Zdroj obr\u00e1zku: Obr\u00e1zek u\u017eivatele Nicolae_Balt ze slu\u017eby <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/cs\/photos\/horkovzdu\u0161n\u00fd-bal\u00f3n-let%C3%ADc%C3%AD-nebe-5987843\/\">Pixabay<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd balon, kter\u00fd p\u0159edminul\u00fd t\u00fdden prolet\u011bl nad USA, let\u011bl mnohem v\u00fd\u0161e ne\u017e osobn\u00ed letadla, a to ve v\u00fd\u0161ce zhruba 18km. Toto \u010d\u00edslo je ov\u0161em sm\u011b\u0161n\u00e9, pokud ho srovn\u00e1me s rekordn\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161kou zdolanou balonem v roce 2002, kter\u00e1 \u010din\u00ed 53 kilometr\u016f. Jak je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee je vzdu\u0161n\u00fd balon dos\u00e1hnout takov\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161ek? V kv\u011btnu 2002 balon vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":9176,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[64,51,46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9147","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualni-deni","category-spolecnost","category-studentske-zpravodajstvi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9147","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9147"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9147\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9177,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9147\/revisions\/9177"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9176"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9147"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9147"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}