{"id":8995,"date":"2023-01-01T10:31:00","date_gmt":"2023-01-01T09:31:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=8995"},"modified":"2022-12-30T17:20:26","modified_gmt":"2022-12-30T16:20:26","slug":"ceska-republika-slavi-30-let-jak-rozdeleni-spolecneho-statu-probihalo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=8995","title":{"rendered":"\u010cesk\u00e1 republika slav\u00ed 30 let. Jak rozd\u011blen\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu prob\u00edhalo?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Dnes je 1. leden, Nov\u00fd rok. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 tento den najdeme v kalend\u00e1\u0159i jako „Den obnovy samostatn\u00e9ho \u010desk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu“. Od vzniku \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky dnes ub\u011bhlo p\u0159esn\u011b 30 let. Jak tento proces prob\u00edhal?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ji\u017e od konce 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky se \u010ceskoslovensko pomalu p\u0159esouvalo od centralizovan\u00e9ho z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed sm\u011brem k federaci. Slovensko si po zru\u0161en\u00ed zemsk\u00e9ho z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed dr\u017eelo jistou m\u00edru autonomie. Z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00fdm sborem tam byla Slovensk\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed rada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roce 1969 se \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 socialistick\u00e1 republika stala federac\u00ed, kterou tvo\u0159ily 2 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed st\u00e1ty – \u010cesk\u00e1 socialistick\u00e1 republika a Slovensk\u00e1 socialistick\u00e1 republika. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roce 1990 po p\u00e1du komunistick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu doch\u00e1zelo k \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu vyhrocen\u00ed n\u00e1rodnostn\u00edch spor\u016f. Jedn\u00edm z p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f t\u011bchto spor\u016f byla tzv. „Poml\u010dkov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka“. Spor se vedl o n\u00e1zev st\u00e1tu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e \u010desk\u00e1 strana pou\u017e\u00edvala n\u00e1zev „\u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 federativn\u00ed republika“, zat\u00edmco na Slovensku to byla „\u010cesko-slovensk\u00e1 federat\u00edvna republika“. V\u00fdsledkem Poml\u010dkov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky byl kompromisn\u00ed n\u00e1zev „\u010cesk\u00e1 a slovensk\u00e1 federativn\u00ed republika“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z obou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed federace m\u011bla vlastn\u00ed z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00fd org\u00e1n s n\u00e1zvem „N\u00e1rodn\u00ed rada“ i vl\u00e1du. Ji\u017e v roce 1990 bylo slovenskou vl\u00e1dou zalo\u017eeno Ministerstvo mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztah\u016f, tedy obdoba ministerstva zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed, jeho\u017e prvn\u00edm \u0161\u00e9fem se stal Milan K\u0148a\u017eko. V \u010cesku stejn\u00fd org\u00e1n vznikl a\u017e v roce 1992, tedy v p\u0159edve\u010der rozd\u011blen\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pomal\u00e9 vzdalov\u00e1n\u00ed obou entit \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu se v\u0161ak net\u00fdkalo pouze politick\u00fdch instituc\u00ed. V obou \u010d\u00e1stech existovala kup\u0159. samostatn\u00e1 televize. Ve slovensk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti se nav\u00edc vyskytovaly tendence sm\u011brem k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed samostatn\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy \u010di n\u00e1rodn\u00ed banky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u010dkoliv byl ji\u017e v roce 1991 p\u0159ijat Feder\u00e1ln\u00edm shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm z\u00e1kon o referendu, v\u0161elidov\u00e9 hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed o rozd\u011blen\u00ed federace nikdy neprob\u011bhlo. Je tedy ot\u00e1zkou, jak by se \u010deskoslovensk\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnost k tomuto n\u00e1vrhu postavila. \u00dastavn\u00ed z\u00e1kon sice p\u0159ikazoval, \u017ee vystoupen\u00ed jedn\u00e9 z republik z federace se mus\u00ed odehr\u00e1t na z\u00e1klad\u011b referenda, z\u00e1nik federace t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem upraven nebyl. P\u0159esto n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed politologov\u00e9 vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed n\u00e1zor, \u017ee rozpad \u010ceskoslovenska bez kon\u00e1n\u00ed referenda lze vn\u00edmat jako pohrd\u00e1n\u00ed tehdej\u0161\u00ed \u00fastavou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

17. \u010dervence 1992 byla Slovenskou n\u00e1rodn\u00ed radou p\u0159ijata deklarace o svrchovanosti Slovensk\u00e9 republiky, kter\u00e1 vyslovovala po\u017eadavek slovensk\u00e9 nez\u00e1vislosti. O 3 dny pozd\u011bji odstoupil ze sv\u00e9 funkce feder\u00e1ln\u00ed prezident V\u00e1clav Havel a po zbytek sv\u00e9 existence ji\u017e \u010ceskoslovensko svoji hlavu st\u00e1tu nem\u011blo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Symbolem rozd\u011blen\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu byla jedn\u00e1n\u00ed mezi \u010desk\u00fdm premi\u00e9rem V\u00e1clavem Klausem a jeho slovensk\u00fdm prot\u011bj\u0161kem Vladim\u00edrem Me\u010diarem v zahrad\u011b brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 vily Tugendhat. K urychlen\u00ed rozpadu st\u00e1tu p\u0159isp\u011bly tak\u00e9 rozd\u00edln\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky voleb v obou \u010d\u00e1stech federace, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v \u010cesku byla jejich v\u00edt\u011bzem ODS, na Slovensku HZDS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16. prosince 1992 byla \u010ceskou n\u00e1rodn\u00ed radou p\u0159ijata \u00dastava \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky. Tento org\u00e1n tak\u00e9 po vzniku samostatn\u00e9ho \u010desk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu vykon\u00e1val funkci Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny Parlamentu \u010cR. Sen\u00e1t jako\u017eto druh\u00e1 komora Parlamentu vznikl a\u017e o 3 roky pozd\u011bji v roce 1996.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 republika vznikla rozd\u011blen\u00edm \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 federativn\u00ed republiky o p\u016flnoci 1. ledna 1993. Prvn\u00edm \u010desk\u00fdm prezidentem byl 26. ledna zvolen V\u00e1clav Havel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroj obr\u00e1zku: Obr\u00e1zek u\u017eivatele Julius_Silver ze slu\u017eby Pixabay<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dnes je 1. leden, Nov\u00fd rok. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 tento den najdeme v kalend\u00e1\u0159i jako „Den obnovy samostatn\u00e9ho \u010desk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu“. Od vzniku \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky dnes ub\u011bhlo p\u0159esn\u011b 30 let. Jak tento proces prob\u00edhal? Ji\u017e od konce 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky se \u010ceskoslovensko pomalu p\u0159esouvalo od centralizovan\u00e9ho z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed sm\u011brem k federaci. Slovensko si po zru\u0161en\u00ed zemsk\u00e9ho z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed dr\u017eelo jistou […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":8996,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[63,51,46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8995","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politika","category-spolecnost","category-studentske-zpravodajstvi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8995","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8995"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8995\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8997,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8995\/revisions\/8997"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8996"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8995"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8995"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8995"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}