{"id":8789,"date":"2022-12-14T10:56:00","date_gmt":"2022-12-14T09:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=8789"},"modified":"2022-12-12T18:57:17","modified_gmt":"2022-12-12T17:57:17","slug":"zahadne-mohyly-v-usa-jsou-stare-2-000-let","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=8789","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 mohyly v USA jsou star\u00e9 2 000 let"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ob\u0159adn\u00ed stavby Hopewell, kter\u00e9 vybudovala z\u00e1hadn\u00e1 civilizace, je\u017e po sob\u011b nezanechala \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u00edsemn\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy, jsou dokladem vysp\u011blosti p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel. Domorodci tam p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bli ze vzd\u00e1lenosti stovek kilometr\u016f a pravideln\u011b se sch\u00e1zeli ke spole\u010dn\u00fdm ritu\u00e1l\u016fm a bohoslu\u017eb\u00e1m.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmi\u00faheln\u00edk je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Hopewellsk\u00fdch ob\u0159adn\u00edch zemn\u00edch prac\u00ed, rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b ru\u010dn\u011b stav\u011bn\u00fdch pahork\u016f rozeset\u00fdch po cel\u00e9m st\u0159edn\u00edm a ji\u017en\u00edm Ohiu, kter\u00e9 b\u00fdt vybudov\u00e1ny ji\u017e p\u0159ed dv\u011bma tis\u00edci lety.\u00a0\u201eByla tam potn\u00ed ch\u00fd\u0161e nebo n\u011bjak\u00e9 o\u010distn\u00e9 m\u00edsto<\/em>,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 pr\u016fvodce Brad Lepper<\/strong>, vedouc\u00ed archeolog programu sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed Ohio History Connection (OHC). Uvnit\u0159 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed dokonale upraven\u00fd tr\u00e1vn\u00edk. co\u017e zna\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee Osmi\u00faheln\u00edk je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n jako golfov\u00e9 h\u0159i\u0161t\u011b. Je tak obrovsk\u00fd, \u017ee by se dovnit\u0159 pohodln\u011b ve\u0161la 4 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 kolosea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0161echny tyto prehistorick\u00e9 ob\u0159adn\u00ed stavby v Ohiu byly vytvo\u0159eny tzv. kulturou Hopewell<\/strong>, s\u00edt\u00ed indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se v obdob\u00ed zhruba od roku 100 p\u0159. n. l. do roku 500 n. l. shroma\u017e\u010fovaly a\u017e po Montanu a Mexick\u00fd z\u00e1liv a byly propojeny \u0159adou obchodn\u00edch cest. Jejich zemn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce v Ohiu se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed z kruh\u016f, \u010dtverc\u016f \u010di osmi\u00faheln\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly \u010dasto vz\u00e1jemn\u011b propojeny. Archeologov\u00e9 teprve nyn\u00ed za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed ch\u00e1pat propracovanost t\u011bchto in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00fdch z\u00e1zrak\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tyto stavby, vybudovan\u00e9 s \u00fa\u017easnou matematickou p\u0159esnost\u00ed a slo\u017eit\u00fdm astronomick\u00fdm uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm, jsou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi geometrick\u00fdmi zemn\u00edmi stavbami na sv\u011bt\u011b, kter\u00e9 nebyly postaveny jako opevn\u011bn\u00ed nebo obrann\u00e9 stavby. A p\u0159esto\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed o t\u011bchto m\u00edstech ani o jejich stavitel\u00edch nikdy nesly\u0161ela, mo\u017en\u00e1 se to brzy zm\u011bn\u00ed. Americk\u00e9 ministerstvo vnitra nominovalo osm zemn\u00edch prac\u00ed v Hopewellu na z\u00e1pis na seznam sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO v roce 2023. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b Velk\u00fd kruh, Osmi\u00faheln\u00edk v Newarku a tak\u00e9 prvn\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed park v Ohiu, Fort Ancient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Velk\u00fd kruh, v n\u011bm\u017e se nach\u00e1z\u00ed muzeum ob\u0159adn\u00edch zemn\u00edch prac\u00ed Hopewell, m\u00e1 v pr\u016fm\u011bru 365 metr\u016f. Jeho st\u011bny se zvedaj\u00ed do v\u00fd\u0161ky 4 metr\u016f a na vnit\u0159n\u00ed stran\u011b jsou ohrani\u010deny hlubok\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkopem. Velk\u00fd kruh byl kdysi spojen s n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00edm a poh\u0159ebn\u00ed elipsou, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e dnes je z n\u011bj patrn\u00e1 pouze \u010d\u00e1st. P\u0159ed 2000 lety stav\u011bli domorod\u00ed d\u011bln\u00edci tato zemn\u00ed d\u00edla bez modern\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, hrabali zeminu \u0161pi\u010dat\u00fdmi klacky a nosili ji v prout\u011bn\u00fdch ko\u0161\u00edch na z\u00e1dech. Podle jednoho z odhad\u016f p\u0159em\u00edstili 650 tis\u00edc metr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00fdch hl\u00edny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dasp\u011bch Hopewellsk\u00e9 kultury v\u0161ak nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 pouze ve vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed velk\u00fdch, p\u0159esn\u00fdch tvar\u016f, bez pomoci v\u00fdhledov\u00fdch kopc\u016f pro pohled z v\u00fd\u0161ky. Do t\u011bchto struktur vlo\u017eili tak\u00e9 jakousi skrytou geometrii. Dokud nebyly mohyly zm\u011b\u0159eny a porovn\u00e1ny, m\u011blo se za to, \u017ee stavitel\u00e9 nem\u011bli \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 matematick\u00e9 a geometrick\u00e9 znalosti, proto\u017ee neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u00edsemn\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy, kter\u00e9 by sv\u011bd\u010dily o \u00farovni jejich znalost\u00ed. Nakonec se v\u0161ak zjistilo, \u017ee prov\u00e1d\u011bli p\u0159esn\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d sv\u00fdmi zemn\u00edmi stavbami a propojovali je nezn\u00e1m\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby. Tato starobyl\u00e1 komunita a kultura je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed argumentace p\u0159edkl\u00e1dan\u00e9 UNESCO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lokalita UNESCO mus\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee m\u00e1\u00a0\u201ev\u00fdjime\u010dnou univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnotu<\/em>„, uvedla Jennifer Aultmanov\u00e1<\/strong>, \u0159editelka odd\u011blen\u00ed historick\u00fdch pam\u00e1tek a muze\u00ed v Ohio History Connection a vedouc\u00ed pracovnice Ohia pro posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed UNESCO. Jedn\u00edm z krit\u00e9ri\u00ed je podle n\u00ed to,\u00a0\u201e\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o mistrovsk\u00e1 d\u00edla lidsk\u00e9ho tv\u016fr\u010d\u00edho g\u00e9nia<\/em>„, kde jsou tyto matematick\u00e9, geometrick\u00e9 a astronomick\u00e9 prvky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. Druh\u00fdm je,\u00a0\u201e\u017ee jsou skute\u010dn\u011b v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdm sv\u011bdectv\u00edm kulturn\u00ed tradice, kter\u00e1 je vytvo\u0159ila<\/em>„.\u00a0\u201eP\u0159i pohledu na zemn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce a p\u0159i jejich pozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017eete skute\u010dn\u011b pochopit n\u011bco o \u017eivot\u011b lid\u00ed a o tom, co pro n\u011b bylo d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9<\/em>,“ vysv\u011btlila.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroj obr\u00e1zku: Obr\u00e1zek u\u017eivatele lizzyliz ze slu\u017eby Pixabay<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ob\u0159adn\u00ed stavby Hopewell, kter\u00e9 vybudovala z\u00e1hadn\u00e1 civilizace, je\u017e po sob\u011b nezanechala \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u00edsemn\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy, jsou dokladem vysp\u011blosti p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel. Domorodci tam p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bli ze vzd\u00e1lenosti stovek kilometr\u016f a pravideln\u011b se sch\u00e1zeli ke spole\u010dn\u00fdm ritu\u00e1l\u016fm a bohoslu\u017eb\u00e1m. Osmi\u00faheln\u00edk je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Hopewellsk\u00fdch ob\u0159adn\u00edch zemn\u00edch prac\u00ed, rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b ru\u010dn\u011b stav\u011bn\u00fdch pahork\u016f rozeset\u00fdch po cel\u00e9m st\u0159edn\u00edm a ji\u017en\u00edm Ohiu, kter\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":8790,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[62,51,46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8789","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-spolecnost","category-studentske-zpravodajstvi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8789","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8789"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8789\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8791,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8789\/revisions\/8791"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8790"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8789"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8789"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8789"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}