{"id":8594,"date":"2022-12-06T10:57:00","date_gmt":"2022-12-06T09:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=8594"},"modified":"2022-12-05T14:38:16","modified_gmt":"2022-12-05T13:38:16","slug":"jak-by-letecke-spolecnosti-mohly-omezit-negativni-dopady-na-zivotni-prostredi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=8594","title":{"rendered":"Jak by leteck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti mohly omezit negativn\u00ed dopady na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Leteck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti hledaj\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, jak sn\u00ed\u017eit sv\u016fj dopad na klima. Pokou\u0161\u00ed se m\u011bnit pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pohonn\u00e9 hmoty, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b letov\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny takov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, aby tvo\u0159ily m\u00e9n\u011b p\u00e1rov\u00fdch stop.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Letadla spot\u0159ebuj\u00ed neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed paliva. Jumbo jet Boeing 747-400 m\u00e1 na palub\u011b 240 000 litr\u016f leteck\u00e9ho paliva, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b desetin\u011b olympijsk\u00e9ho baz\u00e9nu, a spaluje ho rychlost\u00ed 4 litry za sekundu, co\u017e \u010din\u00ed l\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed jednotlivc\u016f nebo zbo\u017e\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b velice energeticky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. Pouh\u00fd jeden let m\u016f\u017ee vypustit tolik CO2, kolik ho vypust\u00ed mnoho lid\u00ed za rok, a o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee po\u010det let\u016f na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b bude v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch desetilet\u00edch nar\u016fstat alarmuj\u00edc\u00edm tempem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi odv\u011btv\u00edmi p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 letectv\u00ed ke glob\u00e1ln\u00edm emis\u00edm sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f relativn\u011b m\u00e1lo, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 je jedn\u00edm z nejrychleji rostouc\u00edch odv\u011btv\u00ed. Mezi lety 2000 a 2019 do\u0161lo k pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu po\u010dtu let\u016f o 5 % ro\u010dn\u011b. Do roku 2019 se pod\u00edlelo 2,5 % na sv\u011btov\u00fdch emis\u00edch CO2. Pokud sv\u011bt douf\u00e1, \u017ee se mu poda\u0159\u00ed omezit glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed a splnit ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed po\u017eadavky stanoven\u00e9 v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 dohod\u011b o zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu, bude muset letectv\u00ed v dlouhodob\u00e9m horizontu zcela opustit fosiln\u00ed paliva. Spole\u010dnosti jako Airbus maj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad velk\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny na v\u00fdvoj vod\u00edkov\u00fdch letadel do 15 let, ale co lze ud\u011blat v krat\u0161\u00edm \u010dasov\u00e9m horizontu, aby se omezil dopad leteck\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu na klima?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vedle pokro\u010dil\u00e9ho biopaliva z odpadu je dal\u0161\u00ed alternativou fosiln\u00edho leteck\u00e9ho paliva syntetick\u00e9 palivo vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed elektrochemick\u00fdch reakc\u00ed mezi vodou a zachycen\u00fdm uhl\u00edkem. Tato paliva, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 pod spole\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem udr\u017eiteln\u00e1 leteck\u00e1 paliva (SAF), maj\u00ed podobn\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed jako konven\u010dn\u00ed leteck\u00e9 palivo a lze je m\u00edsit s fosiln\u00edmi palivy a pou\u017e\u00edvat v b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch letadlech, ani\u017e by bylo t\u0159eba nov\u00e9 palubn\u00ed technologie. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich jsou ji\u017e certifikov\u00e1ny pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v letadlech a\u017e do pom\u011bru 50:50 s fosiln\u00edm leteck\u00fdm palivem. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spole\u010dnost T&E varovala p\u0159ed stanoven\u00edm p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f pro \u010dist\u00e1 paliva pro letectv\u00ed kv\u016fli obav\u00e1m z nedostatku udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed v kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9m horizontu. Varuj\u00ed, \u017ee tlak na leteck\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, aby pou\u017e\u00edval v\u00edce biopaliv d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e budou k dispozici spolehliv\u00e9 zdroje, by mohl v\u00e9st leteck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti k p\u0159echodu na nekvalitn\u00ed a neudr\u017eiteln\u00e1 biopaliva na b\u00e1zi potravin – nap\u0159\u00edklad ta, kter\u00e1 se vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed z palmov\u00e9ho oleje a jsou spojena s odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee k tomu, aby leteck\u00fd pr\u016fmysl v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm desetilet\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eil emise, bude zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed. \u201eSe v\u0161\u00edm, i kdy\u017e je to sp\u00ed\u0161e v budoucnosti, je t\u0159eba za\u010d\u00edt dnes a mus\u00edme to ud\u011blat rychle,“<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Maarten van Dijk, jeden z trojice a v\u00fdkonn\u00fd \u0159editel spole\u010dnosti SkyNRG. \u201eA pak je t\u0159eba v\u0161e, co z\u016fstane na stran\u011b fosiln\u00edch paliv, nahradit udr\u017eiteln\u00fdm [palivem].“<\/em> K dne\u0161n\u00edmu dni dos\u00e1hl pr\u016fmysl nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho pokroku v oblasti zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti letadel, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nov\u00e1 letadla jsou dnes p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 85 % \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ta, kter\u00e1 byla uvedena do provozu v 60. letech 20. stolet\u00ed, a leteck\u00e1 agentura OSN si klade za c\u00edl dos\u00e1hnout do roku 2050 zlep\u0161en\u00ed palivov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti o 2 % ro\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1pad\u016f, jak popt\u00e1vku po l\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eit, je mnoho. Skupina Possible, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 ochranou klimatu, prosazuje zaveden\u00ed poplatku za \u010dast\u00e9 l\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fd by umo\u017enil ka\u017ed\u00e9mu let\u011bt jednou ro\u010dn\u011b tam a zp\u011bt bez dan\u011b, ale postupn\u011b by se zvy\u0161ovala da\u0148 z dal\u0161\u00edch let\u016f. Tento krok se v lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce setkal s velk\u00fdm ohlasem na shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed ob\u010dan\u016f Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed o klimatu. Jin\u00ed lid\u00e9 zase volaj\u00ed po zru\u0161en\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho osvobozen\u00ed petroleje od dan\u011b.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Leteck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti hledaj\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, jak sn\u00ed\u017eit sv\u016fj dopad na klima. Pokou\u0161\u00ed se m\u011bnit pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pohonn\u00e9 hmoty, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b letov\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny takov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, aby tvo\u0159ily m\u00e9n\u011b p\u00e1rov\u00fdch stop. Letadla spot\u0159ebuj\u00ed neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed paliva. Jumbo jet Boeing 747-400 m\u00e1 na palub\u011b 240 000 litr\u016f leteck\u00e9ho paliva, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b desetin\u011b olympijsk\u00e9ho baz\u00e9nu, a spaluje ho rychlost\u00ed 4 litry […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":7919,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[191,97,61,49,46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8594","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cestovani","category-doprava","category-ekologicke-problemy","category-ekologie","category-studentske-zpravodajstvi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8594","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8594"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8594\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8596,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8594\/revisions\/8596"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7919"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8594"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8594"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8594"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}