{"id":8377,"date":"2022-11-24T10:02:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-24T09:02:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=8377"},"modified":"2022-11-21T11:24:46","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T10:24:46","slug":"katar-jedna-z-poslednich-absolutnich-monarchii-na-svete","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=8377","title":{"rendered":"Katar, jedna z posledn\u00edch absolutn\u00edch monarchi\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Katar, zem\u011b na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b, o kter\u00e9 se mluv\u00ed v souvislosti s pr\u00e1v\u011b prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edm fotbalov\u00fdm sv\u011btov\u00fdm \u0161ampion\u00e1tem. Do titulk\u016f m\u00e9di\u00ed se dostala hlavn\u011b v souvislosti se \u0161patn\u00fdmi pracovn\u00edmi podm\u00ednkami d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se na p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b t\u00e9to obrovsk\u00e9 akce pod\u00edleli. Jak\u00e1 je v\u0161ak historie tohoto mal\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, kter\u00fd je jednou z posledn\u00edch absolutn\u00edch monarchi\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dazem\u00ed Kataru bylo podle archeologick\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u016f os\u00eddleno ji\u017e p\u0159ed 50 000 lety. Na poloostrov\u011b, kter\u00fd je vlastn\u011b jedin\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm tohoto st\u00e1tu, se na\u0161ly poz\u016fstatky osad a n\u00e1stroj\u016f z doby kamenn\u00e9. V prvn\u00edm tis\u00edcilet\u00ed na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu byla tato oblast zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako centrum chovatel\u016f kon\u00ed a velbloud\u016f. Katar byl tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm obchodn\u00edm m\u00edstem, kde zastavovaly lod\u011b m\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed do Indie a \u010c\u00edny \u010di opa\u010dn\u00fdm sm\u011brem. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roce 1550 se Katar dostal pod nadvl\u00e1du Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Tehdy se pro nadvl\u00e1du Osman\u016f m\u00edstn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 rozhodli dobrovoln\u011b, nebo\u0165 jim dali p\u0159ednost p\u0159ed Portugalci. Od roku 1825 se k moci dostala vlivn\u00e1 rodina \u00c1l Th\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 Kataru vl\u00e1dne dodnes. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku jej\u00ed vl\u00e1dy m\u011bla tato rodina v\u016fd\u010d\u00ed slovo pouze na lok\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni a Th\u00e1n\u00edovci se sna\u017eili s Osmany vych\u00e1zet. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roce 1888 v\u0161ak Osman\u00e9 podpo\u0159ili Mohammeda bin Abdula Wah\u00e1ba, kter\u00fd se vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed dynastii pokusil svrhnout. Th\u00e1niovci se nakonec Osman\u016fm vzbou\u0159ili a katarsk\u00fd v\u016fdce odm\u00edtl Osman\u016fm platit dan\u011b. Ti nakonec p\u0159istoupili k uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00ed v\u016fdcova bratra a t\u0159in\u00e1cti kmenov\u00fdch v\u016fdc\u016f. N\u00e1sledn\u011b do\u0161lo k bitv\u011b u Al Wajbahu, ve kter\u00e9 Kata\u0159an\u00e9 zv\u00edt\u011bzili a vymohli si na Osmanech autonomii. Tato bitva je dodnes sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed katarsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V r\u00e1mci Britsko-tureck\u00e9 \u00famluvy z roku 1913 se Osmansk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e zav\u00e1zala, \u017ee si ji\u017e nad\u00e1le nebude Katar n\u00e1rokovat. Po vypuknut\u00ed 1. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v\u0161ak tyto sliby vzaly za sv\u00e9 a Osman\u00e9 si v Dauh\u00e1, hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b Kataru, ponechali svoji pos\u00e1dku. Ta z Kataru definitivn\u011b odplula v roce 1915, kdy k tomu voj\u00e1ky p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dil siln\u011b protibritsky orientovan\u00fd vl\u00e1dce Abdullah bin Jassim Al Th\u00e1n\u00ed. N\u00e1sledn\u011b se st\u00e1t stal britsk\u00fdm protektor\u00e1tem. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Modern\u00ed historie Kataru se za\u010dala ps\u00e1t v roce 1939, kdy byla v oblasti objevena ropa. Jej\u00ed export v\u0161ak kv\u016fli 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce za\u010dal a\u017e o 10 let pozd\u011bji. V\u00fdnosy z t\u011b\u017eby t\u00e9to nerostn\u00e9 suroviny se staly hlavn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjmem katarsk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed kasy. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed obchod s perlami, kter\u00fd byl do t\u00e9 doby pro Katar typick\u00fd, postupn\u011b upadal. V roce 1968 Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed ozn\u00e1milo, \u017ee se st\u00e1hne z oblasti Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu. Katar n\u00e1sledn\u011b jednal s dal\u0161\u00edmi 8 emir\u00e1ty o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu s n\u00e1zvem Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty. Kv\u016fli region\u00e1ln\u00edm spor\u016fm v\u0161ak Katar spole\u010dn\u011b z Bahrajnem od rozhovor\u016f upustily a oba emir\u00e1ty se tak staly nez\u00e1visl\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty. Katar je nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm st\u00e1tem od roku 1971.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mezi roky 1990 a 1991 se odehr\u00e1la v\u00e1lka v z\u00e1livu. Pozice Kataru byla v tomto konfliktu kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1, nebo\u0165 katarsk\u00e9 tanky poskytovaly podporu sa\u00fadskoarabsk\u00fdm gard\u00e1m proti ir\u00e1ck\u00fdm jednotk\u00e1m. V roce 2003 byl Katar m\u00edstem \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edho velen\u00ed USA p\u0159i invazi do Ir\u00e1ku. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roce 1995 se k moci dostal em\u00edr Hamad bin Chal\u00edfa Al Th\u00e1n\u00ed, a to d\u00edky svr\u017een\u00ed sv\u00e9ho otce. Za jeho vl\u00e1dy zapo\u010dala opatrn\u00e1 liberalizace zem\u011b, v r\u00e1mci n\u00ed\u017e bylo ob\u010dan\u016fm ud\u011bleno volebn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo v komun\u00e1ln\u00edch volb\u00e1ch a k volebn\u00edm urn\u00e1m mohly poprv\u00e9 vyrazit i \u017eeny. V zemi bylo v roce 1996 zah\u00e1jeno vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed televize Al-D\u017eaz\u00edra po vzoru CNN. V roce 2005 byla naps\u00e1na prvn\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00e1 \u00fastava v katarsk\u00e9 historii. O 3 roky pozd\u011bji do\u0161lo dokonce k otev\u0159en\u00ed prvn\u00edho katolick\u00e9ho kostela v zemi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sou\u010dasn\u00fdm em\u00edrem je od roku 2013 Tam\u00edm ibn Hamad Al S\u00e1n\u00ed. V zemi panuje siln\u00e1 politick\u00e1 nesvoboda, neexistuj\u00ed tam politick\u00e9 strany ani parlament. Funkci parlamentu zast\u00e1v\u00e1 35\u010dlenn\u00e9 Poradn\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, jeho\u017e \u010dleny v\u0161ak jmenuje em\u00edr. Volebn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo je omezeno pouze na obecn\u00ed zastupitelstva. V zemi jsou tak\u00e9 potla\u010dov\u00e1na lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. Za homosexualitu \u010di odpadlictv\u00ed od v\u00edry hroz\u00ed trest smrti, neman\u017eelsk\u00fd sex \u010di konzumace alkoholu se trestaj\u00ed bi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm a kamenov\u00e1n\u00edm. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroj obr\u00e1zku: Obr\u00e1zek od u\u017eivatele Konevi ze slu\u017eby Pixabay<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Katar, zem\u011b na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b, o kter\u00e9 se mluv\u00ed v souvislosti s pr\u00e1v\u011b prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edm fotbalov\u00fdm sv\u011btov\u00fdm \u0161ampion\u00e1tem. Do titulk\u016f m\u00e9di\u00ed se dostala hlavn\u011b v souvislosti se \u0161patn\u00fdmi pracovn\u00edmi podm\u00ednkami d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se na p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b t\u00e9to obrovsk\u00e9 akce pod\u00edleli. Jak\u00e1 je v\u0161ak historie tohoto mal\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, kter\u00fd je jednou z posledn\u00edch absolutn\u00edch monarchi\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b? \u00dazem\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":8379,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[191,62,63,51,46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cestovani","category-historie","category-politika","category-spolecnost","category-studentske-zpravodajstvi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8377","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8377"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8377\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8380,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8377\/revisions\/8380"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8379"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8377"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8377"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8377"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}