{"id":8107,"date":"2022-11-04T15:26:08","date_gmt":"2022-11-04T14:26:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=8107"},"modified":"2022-11-04T15:35:39","modified_gmt":"2022-11-04T14:35:39","slug":"jak-se-zaci-nauci-nejlepe-prirodni-vedy-sami-si-napisi-ucebnici","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=8107","title":{"rendered":"Jak se \u017e\u00e1ci nau\u010d\u00ed nejl\u00e9pe p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed v\u011bdy? Sami si nap\u00ed\u0161\u00ed u\u010debnici"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Nejlep\u0161\u00ed u\u010debnice je ta, kterou si vytvo\u0159\u00ed samotn\u00e9 d\u011bti. U\u017e brzy tuto vzletnou teorii budou moci ov\u011b\u0159it \u017e\u00e1ci i u\u010ditel\u00e9 na n\u011bkolika \u0161kol\u00e1ch \u2013 Badatelsk\u00fd den\u00edk pro chemii a fyziku se u\u017e toti\u017e tiskne.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e nastoupil jako u\u010ditel chemie na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kolu, byl V\u00e1clav Fiala pevn\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00fd, \u017ee se jeho \u017e\u00e1ci budou u\u010dit pomoc\u00ed experiment\u016f, aby je nep\u0159epadal stejn\u00fd pocit marnosti, jako on s\u00e1m chv\u00edlemi za\u017e\u00edval na vysok\u00e9 \u0161kole. \u201eNe\u017e jsem se dal na u\u010ditelstv\u00ed, studoval jsem experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed biologii. V\u011bt\u0161inou jsem rychle odhadl, jestli mi p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky z n\u011bjak\u00e9ho p\u0159edm\u011btu k n\u011b\u010demu budou. Pokud m\u011b nudily, rychle jsem tam p\u0159estal chodit a v\u011bnoval jsem se rad\u011bji v\u00fdzkumu, kter\u00fd mi p\u0159ipadal mnohem u\u017eite\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed,\u201d vzpom\u00edn\u00e1 u\u010ditel ze Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly Solidarita v Praze. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nap\u0159ed se tedy rozhodl, \u017ee dv\u011b hodiny t\u00fddn\u011b v ka\u017ed\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b spoj\u00ed do jednoho bloku a v\u0161echna t\u00e9mata pojme formou pokus\u016f, k nim\u017e sv\u00fdm \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm chystal protokoly a pracovn\u00ed listy. Jen\u017ee v tu chv\u00edli narazil na to, \u017ee jeho \u017e\u00e1ci m\u011bli chaos v u\u010debn\u00edch materi\u00e1lech. \u201eV jednu chv\u00edli toti\u017e m\u011bli u\u010debnici, pracovn\u00ed se\u0161it, sv\u016fj se\u0161it s pozn\u00e1mkami, a je\u0161t\u011b k tomu protokoly, kter\u00e9 si m\u011bli zakl\u00e1dat do portfolia,\u201c vypr\u00e1v\u00ed V\u00e1clav Fiala. \u201eCelkem to byly \u010dty\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, co\u017e bylo ohromn\u011b nep\u0159ehledn\u00e9 a \u017e\u00e1ci v\u011bt\u0161inu \u010dasu nev\u011bd\u011bli, kde co maj\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A tak se zrodily badatelsk\u00e9 den\u00edky, i kdy\u017e zat\u00edm jen ve skromn\u00e9 \u201e\u0161koln\u00ed\u201c podob\u011b, ur\u010den\u00e9 pouze \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm jeho z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly. Postupn\u011b se k V\u00e1clavu Fialovi p\u0159idala i jeho kolegyn\u011b, fyzik\u00e1\u0159ka Vendula Hr\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1, a vznikl tak i badatelsk\u00fd den\u00edk pro fyziku. Po p\u011bti letech pr\u00e1ce a jedn\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 crowdfundingov\u00e9 kampani na internetu, z jej\u00edho\u017e v\u00fdt\u011b\u017eku auto\u0159i zaplatili grafika a recenzenta, se (vedle p\u016fvodn\u00ed verze) zrodily zat\u00edm prvn\u00ed dva den\u00edky k pou\u017eit\u00ed a inspiraci i pro dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly. Jedn\u00e1 se Chemii pro 8. ro\u010dn\u00edk<\/em> od V\u00e1clava a Fyziku pro 6. ro\u010dn\u00edk<\/em> od Venduly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Badatelsk\u00fd den\u00edk FOTO: V\u00e1clav Fiala<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e1dej, zkoumej, dopl\u0148uj a u\u010d se<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eN\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee badatelsk\u00e1 v\u00fduka je jen jak\u00e1si show, kdy si d\u011bti hlavn\u011b hraj\u00ed a nemusej\u00ed nic um\u011bt. To je ale z\u00e1sadn\u00ed nepochopen\u00ed,\u201c vysv\u011btluje V\u00e1clav Fiala, kter\u00fd se v roce 2020 stal v\u00edt\u011bzem sout\u011b\u017ee o nejinspirativn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho u\u010ditele Global Teacher Prize Czech Republic. \u201eAby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 b\u00e1dat, experimentovat a p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let, mus\u00edm toho celkem dost v\u011bd\u011bt a zn\u00e1t. A k tomu m\u016f\u017ee d\u011btem pomoci, kdy\u017e si samy vytvo\u0159\u00ed u\u010debnici, kter\u00e1 je bude prov\u00e1zet cel\u00fdm rokem.\u201c Ka\u017ed\u00e9 t\u00e9ma je v den\u00edku zpracov\u00e1no pomoc\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek, na n\u011b\u017e \u017e\u00e1ci maj\u00ed nal\u00e9zt odpov\u011b\u010f, je tam prezentace u\u010ditele i prostor pro to, aby si \u017e\u00e1ci dohledali informace v knih\u00e1ch nebo na internetu a poznamenali si je. Na dal\u0161\u00edch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch pak n\u00e1sleduje experiment a z\u00e1znam z n\u011bj. D\u011bti se tak nau\u010d\u00ed mimo jin\u00e9 zach\u00e1zet s prameny, kl\u00e1st si ot\u00e1zky a hledat na n\u011b odpov\u011bdi, formulovat sv\u00e9 poznatky a tak\u00e9 spolupracovat ve skupin\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eV knize je \u0161edes\u00e1t experiment\u016f a asi jen u dvou jsme prozradili v\u0161e, tak\u017ee se daj\u00ed prov\u00e9st stejn\u011b snadno, jako kdy\u017e pe\u010dete buchtu podle receptu. Jinak se ale sna\u017e\u00edme, aby d\u011bti poka\u017ed\u00e9 musely n\u011bco vymyslet \u2013 bu\u010f materi\u00e1l, nebo zp\u016fsob proveden\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v\u00fdsledek,\u201c dopl\u0148uje V\u00e1clav Fiala. Na z\u00e1v\u011br ka\u017ed\u00e9ho t\u00e9matu si \u017e\u00e1k m\u016f\u017ee formou \u201etweetu\u201c kr\u00e1tce shrnout, co se dozv\u011bd\u011bl, a stejn\u011b stru\u010dnou z\u00edsk\u00e1 i zp\u011btnou vazbu od u\u010ditele. \u201eTo ov\u0161em znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd den\u00edk mus\u00edm jako u\u010ditel pravideln\u011b vybrat, proj\u00edt a opozn\u00e1mkovat, co\u017e p\u0159i po\u010dtu d\u011bt\u00ed nen\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9, ale zase m\u00e1m aspo\u0148 p\u0159ehled, jak na tom \u017e\u00e1ci jsou a kolik energie p\u0159edm\u011btu v\u011bnuj\u00ed,\u201c kr\u010d\u00ed rameny V\u00e1clav Fiala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Jak\u00e9 si to ud\u011bl\u00e1\u0161, takov\u00e9 to m\u00e1\u0161<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aby mohli u\u010ditel\u00e9 i v jin\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch vyu\u017e\u00edvat badatelsk\u00e9 den\u00edky m\u00edsto u\u010debnic, pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed nap\u0159ed n\u011bkolik v\u011bc\u00ed. Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je vst\u0159\u00edcn\u00e9 veden\u00ed \u0161koly, kter\u00e9 umo\u017en\u00ed u\u010dit p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed v\u011bdy v dvouhodinov\u00fdch bloc\u00edch. \u201eZa 45 minut se toho moc nestihne,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 V\u00e1clav Fiala. \u201eNe\u017e experiment p\u0159iprav\u00edte, vysv\u011btl\u00edte a provedete, je konec hodiny, a do p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b se snadno zapomene, co jsme v\u016fbec d\u011blali a co z toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1.\u201c D\u00e1l je tak\u00e9 t\u0159eba aspo\u0148 trochu solidn\u011b vybaven\u00e1 laborato\u0159 a v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b je nutn\u00e9 trochu opustit svou p\u0159edstavu, \u017ee bude u\u010ditel m\u00edt v\u017edy plnou kontrolu nad t\u00edm, co si d\u011bti zapisuj\u00ed. \u201eN\u011bkdo jde p\u0159i z\u00e1pisu hodn\u011b do podrobnost\u00ed, jin\u00fd si poznamen\u00e1 p\u00e1r slov a sta\u010d\u00ed mu to. M\u016f\u017eeme pracovat s t\u00edm, jestli je jejich zp\u016fsob z\u00e1pisu efektivn\u00ed, ale jinak je tvorba jeho osobn\u00ed u\u010debnice z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte,\u201c vysv\u011btluje chemik\u00e1\u0159, kter\u00fd po p\u011bti letech p\u0159\u00edprav ned\u00e1vno poslal publikace do tisk\u00e1rny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Text pro EDUz\u00edn<\/a> napsala Lucie Kocurov\u00e1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nejlep\u0161\u00ed u\u010debnice je ta, kterou si vytvo\u0159\u00ed samotn\u00e9 d\u011bti. U\u017e brzy tuto vzletnou teorii budou moci ov\u011b\u0159it \u017e\u00e1ci i u\u010ditel\u00e9 na n\u011bkolika \u0161kol\u00e1ch \u2013 Badatelsk\u00fd den\u00edk pro chemii a fyziku se u\u017e toti\u017e tiskne. Kdy\u017e nastoupil jako u\u010ditel chemie na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kolu, byl V\u00e1clav Fiala pevn\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00fd, \u017ee se jeho \u017e\u00e1ci budou u\u010dit pomoc\u00ed experiment\u016f, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":8109,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[205,27,42,45],"tags":[2,4],"class_list":["post-8107","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality","category-budoucnost-skolstvi","category-pro-pedagogy","category-tipy-pro-pedagogy","tag-dulezite","tag-ucitel"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8107","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8107"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8107\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8115,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8107\/revisions\/8115"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8109"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8107"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8107"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8107"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}