{"id":8042,"date":"2022-10-27T16:38:43","date_gmt":"2022-10-27T14:38:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=8042"},"modified":"2022-10-27T16:39:32","modified_gmt":"2022-10-27T14:39:32","slug":"podoba-oslav-nejvyznamnejsiho-statniho-svatku-se-v-prubehu-let-menila-jak-28-rijen-slavily-predchozi-generace","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=8042","title":{"rendered":"Podoba oslav nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho st\u00e1tn\u00edho sv\u00e1tku se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let m\u011bnila. Jak 28. \u0159\u00edjen slavily p\u0159edchoz\u00ed generace?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>A\u010dkoli samostatn\u00e1 \u010cesk\u00e1 republika vznikla a\u017e 1. ledna 1993, nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek slav\u00edme o v\u00edce ne\u017e 2 m\u011bs\u00edce d\u0159\u00edve. 28. \u0159\u00edjna 1918 toti\u017e vznikl samostatn\u00fd \u010ceskoslovensk\u00fd st\u00e1t a oba bratrsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rody se vydaly vst\u0159\u00edc v\u00edce ne\u017e 73 let\u00e9 budoucnosti.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V podstat\u011b ihned se tato ud\u00e1lost za\u0159adila mezi v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 dny. V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm dnem se 28. \u0159\u00edjen stal jako v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek v roce 1919. Podobu st\u00e1tn\u00edho sv\u00e1tku pak nabyl v roce 1925. Jeho oslavy m\u011bly v r\u016fzn\u00fdch period\u00e1ch \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 historie mnoho podob.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Obdob\u00ed prvn\u00ed republiky<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Za prvn\u00ed republiky byl 28. \u0159\u00edjen slaven spont\u00e1nn\u011b a velice d\u016fstojn\u011b. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed oslav byly vojensk\u00e9 p\u0159ehl\u00eddky a pietn\u00ed akty, vzpom\u00ednalo se na \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 legion\u00e1\u0159e. St\u00e1tn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek pozitivn\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edmali politici nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d politick\u00fdm spektrem, dokonce i komunist\u00e9.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jednalo se tedy o velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00fd den, jen\u017e m\u011bl v prvorepublikov\u00e9m obdob\u00ed podobu dne pracovn\u00edho volna. Pokud se kup\u0159. uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00fd \u0159emesln\u00edk m\u011bl sv\u016fj obchod otev\u0159en\u00fd, byl pokutov\u00e1n. St\u00e1valo se tak p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v pohrani\u010dn\u00edch oblastech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu je nutn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee se jednalo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o sv\u00e1tek \u010cech\u016f. N\u011bmci, kter\u00fdch v \u010ceskoslovensku \u017eila v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 men\u0161ina, tento sv\u00e1tek neslavili. Oslavov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto dne od nich v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 nikdo nemohl o\u010dek\u00e1vat a v prvorepublikov\u00e9m obdob\u00ed pouze sta\u010dilo, pokud proti sv\u00e1tku otev\u0159en\u011b nevystupovali. Na Slovensku se odehr\u00e1vala debata o tom, zda je v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm dnem 28. \u0159\u00edjen \u010di 30. \u0159\u00edjen, tedy den Martinsk\u00e9 deklarace. V\u00edt\u011bzn\u011b z t\u00e9to debaty nakonec vze\u0161el 30. \u0159\u00edjen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sv\u00e1tek ve st\u00ednu n\u011bmeck\u00e9 okupace<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po podpisu Mnichovsk\u00e9 dohody 31. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1939 \u010deskoslovensk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da rozhodla o zru\u0161en\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00edho sv\u00e1tku. Ve vypjat\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e nebylo co oslavovat a ve spole\u010dnosti nepanovala pat\u0159i\u010dn\u00e1 n\u00e1lada. V roce 1938 prob\u011bhla pouze tich\u00e1 oslava veden\u00e1 gener\u00e1lem Janem Syrov\u00fdm, tehdej\u0161\u00edm p\u0159edsedou vl\u00e1dy. Syrov\u00fd, jen\u017e tehdy konal v zastoupen\u00ed prezidenta republiky, si p\u0159ipomn\u011bl v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed vzniku \u010ceskoslovenska na Pra\u017esk\u00e9m hrad\u011b a u hrobu T. G. Masaryka v L\u00e1nech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V novin\u00e1ch se 28. \u0159\u00edjen ozna\u010doval sice jako pracovn\u00ed, ale nikoli jako v\u0161edn\u00ed den. Gener\u00e1l Syrov\u00fd krom\u011b form\u00e1ln\u00edch akt\u016f p\u0159ednesl tak\u00e9 projev v Radio\u017eurn\u00e1lu. Po vzniku Protektor\u00e1tu \u010cechy a Morava byl st\u00e1tn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek \u00fapln\u011b zru\u0161en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ze dne nez\u00e1vislosti den zn\u00e1rodn\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce byl st\u00e1tn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek slaven jako den nez\u00e1vislosti. V roce 1951 tehdej\u0161\u00ed komunistick\u00e9 veden\u00ed zem\u011b zcela zm\u011bnilo charakter st\u00e1tn\u00edho sv\u00e1tku. Ze dne nez\u00e1vislosti, kter\u00fd byl oslavov\u00e1n jako p\u0159ipom\u00ednka vzniku samostatn\u00e9ho \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, se stal den zn\u00e1rodn\u011bn\u00ed a statut st\u00e1tn\u00edho sv\u00e1tku se zm\u011bnil na den pracovn\u00edho klidu. Zn\u00e1rod\u0148ovac\u00ed dekrety v\u0161ak byly paradoxn\u011b vyd\u00e1ny o n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jako den oslavy \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 samostatnosti se 28. \u0159\u00edjen p\u0159ipom\u00ednal a\u017e po n\u00e1stupu normalizace od roku 1975. St\u00e1tn\u00edm sv\u00e1tkem se znovu stal v roce 1988, op\u011bt jako den nez\u00e1vislosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Porevolu\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po p\u00e1du komunistick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu dostal st\u00e1tn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek zcela nov\u00fd r\u00e1z. Ze dne nez\u00e1vislosti se se vznikem \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky stal den vzniku samostatn\u00e9ho \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu. Jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch m\u00edst oslav je V\u00edtkov, kde ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b prob\u00edh\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 p\u0159ehl\u00eddka. U hrobu nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho voj\u00edna b\u00fdv\u00e1 dr\u017eena minuta ticha. V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm m\u00edstem oslav je tak\u00e9 Pra\u017esk\u00fd hrad, kde prezident jmenuje nov\u00e9 gener\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V den vzniku samostatn\u00e9ho \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu prezident republiky ud\u011bluje st\u00e1tn\u00ed vyznamen\u00e1n\u00ed. Ud\u011blov\u00e1n je \u0158\u00e1d B\u00edl\u00e9ho lva, kter\u00fd je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm st\u00e1tn\u00edm vyznamen\u00e1n\u00edm. D\u00e1le se jedn\u00e1 o \u0158\u00e1d Tom\u00e1\u0161e Garrigua Masaryka, Medaili Za hrdinstv\u00ed a Medaili Za z\u00e1sluhy. Odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 se tak ve Vladislavsk\u00e9m s\u00e1le za p\u0159\u00edtomnosti dal\u0161\u00edch \u00fastavn\u00edch \u010dinitel\u016f.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zdroj obr\u00e1zku: Autor: Publisher &#8211; New York&nbsp;: New York Times, Co. \u2013 Cropped form http:\/\/hdl.loc.gov\/loc.gdc\/sgpwar.19191231, The War of the Nations, p. 63, Voln\u00e9 d\u00edlo, https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=6828863<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A\u010dkoli samostatn\u00e1 \u010cesk\u00e1 republika vznikla a\u017e 1. ledna 1993, nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek slav\u00edme o v\u00edce ne\u017e 2 m\u011bs\u00edce d\u0159\u00edve. 28. \u0159\u00edjna 1918 toti\u017e vznikl samostatn\u00fd \u010ceskoslovensk\u00fd st\u00e1t a oba bratrsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rody se vydaly vst\u0159\u00edc v\u00edce ne\u017e 73 let\u00e9 budoucnosti. V podstat\u011b ihned se tato ud\u00e1lost za\u0159adila mezi v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 dny. V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm dnem se 28. \u0159\u00edjen stal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":8043,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[62,63,51,46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8042","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-politika","category-spolecnost","category-studentske-zpravodajstvi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8042","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8042"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8042\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8046,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8042\/revisions\/8046"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8043"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8042"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8042"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8042"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}