{"id":8027,"date":"2022-10-26T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-10-26T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=8027"},"modified":"2022-10-27T10:28:07","modified_gmt":"2022-10-27T08:28:07","slug":"ve-skole-by-se-melo-chvalit-nahlas-a-karat-potichu-rika-ucitel-pavel-bobek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=8027","title":{"rendered":"Ve \u0161kole by se m\u011blo chv\u00e1lit nahlas a k\u00e1rat potichu, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 u\u010ditel Pavel Bobek"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Pavel Bobek sb\u00edral prvn\u00ed u\u010ditelsk\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti v n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed p\u0159ist\u011bhovaleck\u00e9 \u010dtvrti ji\u017en\u00edho Lond\u00fdna. Po dvou letech hledal podobnou v\u00fdzvu v Praze. V jeho sou\u010dasn\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b v pra\u017esk\u00e9 Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kole Solidarita m\u00e1 t\u0159etina \u017e\u00e1k\u016f odli\u0161n\u00fd mate\u0159sk\u00fd jazyk, dal\u0161\u00edm d\u011btem komplikuje vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ADHD nebo poruchy u\u010den\u00ed. Ukazuje se, \u017ee nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed britsk\u00e9 metody, kdy u\u010ditel pevn\u011b dr\u017e\u00ed ot\u011b\u017ee d\u011bn\u00ed ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b, funguj\u00ed i na \u010desk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladce. \u201ePo covidu n\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u011bti t\u0159eba nebyly ani schopn\u00e9 ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b vydr\u017eet nebo se v\u00e1lely po lavici a byly \u00fapln\u011b odpojen\u00e9. A te\u010f za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 hodina, ony tam sed\u00ed, maj\u00ed v\u0161echno p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 a \u010dekaj\u00ed na ot\u00e1zky,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Pavel Bobek. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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„Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee se mus\u00edme za\u010d\u00edt zam\u011b\u0159ovat na to, aby ti, kdo jsou dosud ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00ed, byli \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Je to jeden z kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f, jak se posunout k vysp\u011blej\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 u\u010ditel Pavel Bobek. FOTO:<\/strong> Kate\u0159ina L\u00e1nsk\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

U\u010ditelem jste se stal a\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v p\u011btat\u0159iceti letech, a je\u0161t\u011b v Anglii. Jak k tomu do\u0161lo? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dlouho jsem pracoval s ml\u00e1de\u017e\u00ed dobrovolnicky, posl\u00e9ze jsem v Goethe institutu vedl mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed debatn\u00ed sout\u011b\u017e Jugend debattiert<\/em>. Kdy\u017e m\u011b osobn\u00ed d\u016fvody zav\u00e1ly do Anglie, \u0159\u00edkal jsem si, \u017ee by bylo fajn m\u00edt u\u010ditelskou kvalifikaci. Vstoupil jsem do dvoulet\u00e9ho programu Teach First<\/em>, kde po \u0161estit\u00fddenn\u00edm v\u00fdcviku jdete rovnou u\u010dit, \u0161kolu v\u00e1m p\u0159id\u011bl\u00ed. Myslel jsem si sp\u00ed\u0161 na star\u0161\u00ed d\u011bti, se kter\u00fdmi jsem m\u011bl v\u00edc zku\u0161enost\u00ed, ale vybrali m\u011b na prvn\u00ed stupe\u0148 do Lond\u00fdna. M\u00edsty jsem myslel, \u017ee to nezvl\u00e1dnu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co se d\u011blo? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Moje prvn\u00ed t\u0159\u00edda byla velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 \u2013 v Anglii za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 \u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zka d\u0159\u00edv, tak\u017ee jsem m\u011bl proti sob\u011b skoro t\u0159icet p\u011btilet\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161ina byli kluci, mnoz\u00ed z nich hyperaktivn\u00ed a nesoust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed. N\u011bkdy jsem m\u011bl na pomoc asistenta, ale \u010dasto jsem na n\u011b byl \u00fapln\u011b s\u00e1m. Pamatuju si t\u0159eba jeden \u0159\u00edjnov\u00fd p\u00e1tek, kdy jsem tam proti nim st\u00e1l, byly dv\u011b hodiny odpoledne. V Anglii maj\u00ed i mal\u00e9 d\u011bti \u0161kolu do \u010dtvrt na \u010dty\u0159i, tak\u017ee jsem v\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee tam mus\u00edme produktivn\u011b str\u00e1vit je\u0161t\u011b nejm\u00ed\u0148 hodinu, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b jsem je m\u011bl nau\u010dit ur\u010dovat sv\u011btov\u00e9 strany. V tu chv\u00edli mi to p\u0159ipadalo jako nadlidsk\u00fd \u00fakol. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Popi\u0161te mi trochu, jak to ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b vypadalo v t\u011bch nejhor\u0161\u00edch okam\u017eic\u00edch.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u016fzn\u00e9 d\u011bti vyd\u00e1valy r\u016fzn\u00e9 zvuky, kdy\u017e jsme m\u011bli j\u00edt na ob\u011bd, tak se po\u0161\u0165uchovaly. Vznikaly konflikty, d\u011bti na sebe \u017ealovaly, h\u00e1daly se o to, kdo dostane kterou tu\u017eku. Jeden chlapec za\u010dal klidn\u011b uprost\u0159ed vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed pochodovat po t\u0159\u00edd\u011b a ob\u010das n\u011bkoho bouchnul. To pro m\u011b bylo nejhor\u0161\u00ed \u2013 pocit, \u017ee nezvl\u00e1d\u00e1m zajistit bezpe\u010d\u00ed v\u0161ech d\u011bt\u00ed. Nebyl jsem schopen t\u0159\u00eddu udr\u017eet v klidu, aby se mohly u\u010dit. Druh\u00fd rok u\u017e byl \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00fd. Zase t\u011bch d\u011bt\u00ed bylo t\u0159icet a znovu to byla prvn\u00ed t\u0159\u00edda, ale b\u011bhem p\u00e1r m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f byli \u017e\u00e1ci schopni r\u00e1no p\u0159ij\u00edt, v tichosti se se\u0159adit na chodb\u011b, v m\u017eiku si odlo\u017eit ta\u0161ky a kab\u00e1ty na h\u00e1\u010dky a pak zase \u00fapln\u011b v klidu j\u00edt do t\u0159\u00eddy. Na tabuli u\u017e m\u011bli napsan\u00fd n\u011bjak\u00fd \u00fakol, samostatn\u011b si vyt\u00e1hli tabulku a za\u010dali ho \u0159e\u0161it. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A to jste je nau\u010dil vy? Jakto\u017ee prvn\u00ed rok to ne\u0161lo? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proto\u017ee jsem je\u0161t\u011b neum\u011bl to \u0159emeslo. My lid\u00e9 jsme nastaven\u00ed na to v\u0161\u00edmat si negativn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed. Je to p\u0159irozen\u00e1, evoluc\u00ed dan\u00e1 v\u011bc \u2013 skenujeme nebezpe\u010d\u00ed a probl\u00e9my, abychom se p\u0159ed nimi mohli uchr\u00e1nit. Jen\u017ee ve \u0161kole mnohem l\u00e9pe funguje, kdy\u017e se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na to dobr\u00e9. Kdy\u017e budeme \u0159\u00edkat: super, takhle to m\u00e1 vypadat, ano, d\u011bl\u00e1\u0161 to spr\u00e1vn\u011b. Pozornost dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed d\u011bti, kter\u00e9 d\u011blaj\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 v\u011bci, tak\u017ee je brzy za\u010dnou kop\u00edrovat i ti, kte\u0159\u00ed by jinak m\u011bli tendenci zlobit. Co naopak nen\u00ed dobr\u00e9, je takov\u00e9 to \u201ejakto\u017ee jsi neud\u011blal \u00fakol\u201c a \u201epro\u010d jsi je\u0161t\u011b neza\u010dal pracovat\u201c. T\u00edm bych cel\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b signalizoval – pozornost z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed ti, kdo ned\u011blaj\u00ed spr\u00e1vnou v\u011bc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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FOTO: Kate\u0159ina L\u00e1nsk\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tak\u017ee o \u0161patn\u00fdch v\u011bcech se ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b v\u016fbec nemluv\u00ed\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sp\u00ed\u0161 se \u0159e\u0161\u00ed bokem a pokud jde o drobnosti, pak co nejm\u00e9n\u011b viditeln\u011b. P\u0159\u00edklad: Chci pozornost d\u011bt\u00ed, ale Honz\u00edk ve t\u0159et\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b je\u0161t\u011b pov\u00edd\u00e1. Tak \u0159eknu: \u201ev\u0161ichni o\u010di na m\u011b, prvn\u00ed \u0159ada je p\u0159ipojen\u00e1, druh\u00e1 taky, ve t\u0159et\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b je\u0161t\u011b \u010dek\u00e1m na jeden p\u00e1r o\u010d\u00ed.\u201c V ten moment se p\u0159id\u00e1 i posledn\u00ed pov\u00eddav\u00fd \u017e\u00e1k, ani\u017e bych ho n\u00e1lepkoval \u201etamhle Honza zase kec\u00e1\u201c. D\u00e1te mu mo\u017enost zlep\u0161it se, ani\u017e by s t\u00edm \u0161la negativn\u00ed pozornost t\u0159\u00eddy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To je p\u0159esn\u00fd opak toho, co zn\u00e1me z \u010desk\u00fdch \u0161kol, kde se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me i s peskov\u00e1n\u00edm a n\u011bkdy i s poni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ano, u\u017e jsem \u0159\u00edkal, \u017ee ten anglosask\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup je vlastn\u011b neintuitivn\u00ed. D\u011btem se prost\u011b jen jasn\u011b ukazuje, co maj\u00ed d\u011blat. Dobr\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed se oce\u0148uje a to negativn\u00ed se nenech\u00e1 jen tak b\u00fdt, dokud se nep\u0159eklop\u00ed do pozitivn\u00edho. Angli\u010dt\u00ed u\u010ditel\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed slovo botheredness<\/em> \u2013 kdy\u017e jsem bothered<\/em>, m\u00e1m z\u00e1jem o ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u017e\u00e1ka, z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed mi na n\u011bm a tak ho nesm\u00edm nechat d\u011blat v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 komplikuj\u00ed jeho u\u010den\u00ed. A k\u00e1ze\u0148 je z\u00e1kladn\u00edm p\u0159edpokladem u\u010den\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Omlouv\u00e1m se, ale zn\u00ed to pon\u011bkud kas\u00e1rensky\u2026 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taky to tak na m\u011b zpo\u010d\u00e1tku p\u016fsobilo, ale ono to naopak vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjemnou atmosf\u00e9ru. Jako u\u010ditel m\u00e1te mo\u017enost se d\u011btem v\u00edce v\u011bnovat, v\u0161\u00edmat si ka\u017ed\u00e9 drobnosti, d\u011blat vt\u00edpky a budovat pozitivn\u00ed vztahy. Ukazovat tu botheredness<\/em>. A hlavn\u011b: kdy\u017e je ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b klid a d\u011bti jsou soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9, projev\u00ed se to na jejich v\u00fdsledc\u00edch. I p\u0159es slo\u017eit\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e se moje lond\u00fdnsk\u00e1 \u0161kola nach\u00e1zela, pat\u0159ila z hlediska pokroku \u017e\u00e1k\u016f mezi nejlep\u0161\u00ed v zemi. Dal\u0161\u00edm benefitem je, \u017ee ve t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 jsou klidn\u00e9, stabiln\u00ed a p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9, se da\u0159\u00ed \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm s autismem nebo ADHD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo t\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed pravidla nedodr\u017euje?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neust\u00e1le se vrac\u00edm k tomu, co je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed, jako kdy\u017e promaz\u00e1v\u00e1m dob\u0159e se\u0159\u00edzen\u00fd stroj. D\u011btem pom\u00e1h\u00e1m i nonverb\u00e1ln\u011b, t\u0159eba posunky nebo chvilkov\u00fdm p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00edm toku \u0159e\u010di. Proto\u017ee pravidla dob\u0159e znaj\u00ed, rychle si uv\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee je n\u011bco v nepo\u0159\u00e1dku, a samy se zreguluj\u00ed. Kdy\u017e jde o n\u011bco z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edho \u2013 t\u0159eba se n\u011bkdo n\u011bkomu o\u0161kliv\u011b posm\u00edv\u00e1 \u2013 d\u00e1m mu varov\u00e1n\u00ed a kdy\u017e jsou dv\u011b za den, mus\u00edm mluvit s rodi\u010di. To se d\u011bje velmi m\u00e1lo. Mo\u017en\u00e1 to zn\u00ed autoritativn\u011b, ale my nem\u016f\u017eeme dovolit, aby ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b platil z\u00e1kon d\u017eungle. Aby se tam d\u011bti nec\u00edtily dob\u0159e a b\u00e1ly se tam p\u0159ij\u00edt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

 FOTO: Kate\u0159ina L\u00e1nsk\u00e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aby to nezn\u011blo jen jako kas\u00e1rensk\u00fd dril \u2013 ta botheredness<\/em> se projevuje t\u0159eba i tak, \u017ee kdy\u017e se m\u011b d\u00edt\u011b na n\u011bco zept\u00e1 a j\u00e1 zrovna nem\u00e1m \u010das, \u0159eknu mu \u201ete\u010f nem\u016f\u017eu, ale je\u0161t\u011b dneska ti to \u0159eknu\u201c. A mus\u00edm to splnit. Nebo \u017ee nenech\u00e1m b\u00fdt, kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo mluv\u00ed a spolu\u017e\u00e1ci ho neposlouchaj\u00ed. V\u0161echny d\u011bti v m\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b mus\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee mi z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na jejich dobru a tak je nem\u016f\u017eu nechat, aby nenapsaly velk\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno na za\u010d\u00e1tku v\u011bty nebo te\u010dku na konci. Svou l\u00e1sku jim ukazuju dokonce i t\u00edm, \u017ee je vyvol\u00e1m. Proto\u017ee kdy\u017e je nech\u00e1m sp\u00e1t v kout\u011b, tak se nic nenau\u010d\u00ed, nebudou m\u00edt pocit \u00fasp\u011bchu, nebudou m\u00edt motivaci se u\u010dit. Odnesou si ze \u0161koly jen to, \u017ee jsou k ni\u010demu a \u017ee jim to nejde. V \u010cesku si \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me, \u017ee \u0161kola je otrava a u\u010ditel\u00e9 vym\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed, jak ji ud\u011blat z\u00e1bavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. V Anglii je \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00fd narativ: \u0161kola je fajn, proto\u017ee n\u00e1m pom\u00e1h\u00e1 se zlep\u0161it. U\u010ditel probud\u00ed v d\u011btech motivaci t\u00edm, \u017ee se toho hodn\u011b nau\u010d\u00ed. Kdy\u017e jsem nastoupil do sv\u00e9 sou\u010dasn\u00e9 t\u0159et\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy, n\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u011bti po dlouh\u00e9m obdob\u00ed distan\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fduky je\u0161t\u011b neum\u011bly plynule \u010d\u00edst. Za p\u00e1r m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f se to nau\u010dily, m\u011bly z toho ohromnou radost, a ta je motivuje k dal\u0161\u00edmu zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Popsal jste, jak se lad\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale co u\u010den\u00ed? Na sv\u00e9m blogu p\u00ed\u0161ete, \u017ee jste v Anglii musel z gruntu p\u0159ehodnotit sv\u016fj pohled na to, jak m\u00e1 v\u00fduka vypadat.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

U n\u00e1s je te\u010f front\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fduka pomalu sprost\u00e9 slovo, v Anglii ne. Nen\u00ed to ale tak, \u017ee by u\u010ditel p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161el a d\u011bti se doma n\u011bco biflovaly. Dopt\u00e1v\u00e1 se na porozum\u011bn\u00ed, po ka\u017ed\u00e9 nov\u00e9 informaci zji\u0161\u0165uje konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi ot\u00e1zkami, jestli jsou v\u0161ichni na palub\u011b a zda n\u011bkoho neztratil<\/a>. K tomu jsou skv\u011bl\u00e9 t\u0159eba sborov\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi, kdy \u017e\u00e1ci na domluven\u00e9 gesto reaguj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fdm skandov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vy taky \u0159\u00edk\u00e1te, \u017ee \u010desk\u00e9 \u0161kolstv\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit mazac\u00ed tabulka a fixy. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e polo\u017e\u00edte ot\u00e1zku a odpov\u00ed jeden ze t\u0159iceti, je to m\u00e1lo. D\u011bti se mus\u00ed vyjad\u0159ovat, to jim pom\u00e1h\u00e1 myslet, to jim pom\u00e1h\u00e1 se u\u010dit. Kdy\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b kr\u00e1tce promluv\u00ed se sousedem, nap\u00ed\u0161e odpov\u011b\u010f na tabulku nebo uk\u00e1\u017ee palec nahoru nebo dolu, v\u0161echny d\u011bti pracuj\u00ed a j\u00e1 m\u00e1m ve zlomku vte\u0159iny p\u0159ehled o u\u010den\u00ed cel\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy. V Anglii se t\u0159eba tak\u00e9 upou\u0161t\u00ed od skupinov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce<\/a>. Kdy\u017e m\u00e1 t\u00fdm p\u011bti d\u011bt\u00ed vytvo\u0159it plak\u00e1t na vyjmenovan\u00e1 slova, jedno d\u00edt\u011b ho vymysl\u00ed, druh\u00e9 nakresl\u00ed a t\u0159i zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed lelkuj\u00ed. J\u00e1 nech\u00e1v\u00e1m d\u011bti pracovat ve dvojic\u00edch \u2013 jeden mluv\u00ed, druh\u00fd poslouch\u00e1 a dopl\u0148uje. Pak si to prohod\u00ed, nebo vz\u00e1jemn\u011b interpretuj\u00ed, co \u0159\u00edkal spolu\u017e\u00e1k. U\u010ditel neust\u00e1le p\u0159izp\u016fsobuje v\u00fduku odezv\u011b, kterou dost\u00e1v\u00e1. Tak\u017ee kdy\u017e si n\u011bco p\u0159iprav\u00edm a o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1m, \u017ee to \u010dapneme a m\u016f\u017eeme j\u00edt d\u00e1l, ale zjist\u00edm, \u017ee to tam je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed, tak se mus\u00edme vr\u00e1tit a mus\u00edm to zkusit vysv\u011btlit jinak. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zn\u00ed to tak, \u017ee u\u010ditel dr\u017e\u00ed ot\u011b\u017ee d\u011bn\u00ed pevn\u011b ve sv\u00fdch rukou. U n\u00e1s se te\u010f mluv\u00ed o tom, \u017ee by m\u011bl d\u011btem p\u0159enechat maximum iniciativy, b\u00fdt sp\u00ed\u0161 jejich pr\u016fvodcem. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V \u010cesku te\u010f m\u00e1me pocit, \u017ee d\u011bti se nejl\u00edp u\u010d\u00ed, kdy\u017e poznatky samy objevuj\u00ed. Kdy\u017e se nad t\u00edm ale opravdu zamysl\u00edme, zjist\u00edme, \u017ee to je hloupost. Kdybychom m\u011bli neust\u00e1le znovu objevovat, jak rozd\u011blat ohe\u0148 nebo postavit d\u016fm, tak se nikam nepohneme. A n\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho plat\u00ed i ve \u0161kole. Nejprve mus\u00edme d\u00e1t d\u011btem n\u00e1stroje k my\u0161len\u00ed, a to jsou pr\u00e1v\u011b znalosti a dovednosti. M\u00e1me-li rozpoznat fake news o v\u00e1lce na Ukrajin\u011b, mus\u00edme o tamn\u00ed historii, politice i kultu\u0159e n\u011bco v\u011bd\u011bt. Kritick\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed nen\u00ed jen my\u0161len\u00ed, my v n\u011bm pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me a vyhodnocujeme to, co v\u00edme. I kreativita p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edme nov\u00e1 spojen\u00ed mezi t\u00edm, co u\u017e v\u00edme a um\u00edme. Tak\u017ee j\u00e1 se ne\u0161t\u00edt\u00edm toho d\u00e1t d\u011btem hotov\u00fd poznatek, ale samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nechci, aby jen papou\u0161kovali definice. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
FOTO: Kate\u0159ina L\u00e1nsk\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e d\u00e1m d\u011btem \u00fahlom\u011br a \u0159eknu jim, a\u0165 samy p\u0159ijdou na to, co s n\u00edm d\u011blat, zaz\u00e1\u0159\u00ed dv\u011b, t\u0159i d\u011bti. Zbytek si odnese \u201emn\u011b matika nejde\u201c. Kdy\u017e chceme zm\u011b\u0159it \u00fahel, mus\u00edme nejd\u0159\u00edv v\u011bd\u011bt, co to je \u00fahel, co je \u00fahlom\u011br a kam ho m\u00e1m p\u0159ilo\u017eit. \u201eTady je st\u0159ed \u00fahlom\u011bru, ka\u017ed\u00fd mi ho uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u00e1, v\u0161ichni ho m\u00e1me. St\u0159ed pat\u0159\u00ed tam, kde se l\u00e1me p\u0159\u00edmka. V\u0161ichni mi uka\u017ete, kam mus\u00edte \u00fahlom\u011br p\u0159ilo\u017eit\u2026\u201c Jen takto krok po kroku je mo\u017en\u00e9 zajistit, \u017ee k \u00fasp\u011bchu dojdou v\u0161ichni. Jinak bude p\u00e1r \u0161\u0165astlivc\u016f vep\u0159edu a velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st t\u0159\u00eddy pozadu, a to nen\u00ed to, co chceme. Nechceme, aby \u0161kola vytv\u00e1\u0159ela ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed si odnesou do \u017eivota pocit, \u017ee se na n\u011b u\u010ditel\u00e9 vyka\u0161lali, proto\u017ee se zam\u011b\u0159ili na to, jestli se rozv\u00edjej\u00ed t\u0159i nejlep\u0161\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A co ti t\u0159i nejlep\u0161\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci? Nenud\u00ed se? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku jsem se trochu tr\u00e1pil t\u00edm, co m\u00e1m d\u011blat, aby se i d\u011bti, kter\u00e9 u\u017e toho hodn\u011b v\u011bd\u00ed, c\u00edtily ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b dob\u0159e. Postupn\u011b jsem se nau\u010dil \u2013 ve smyslu, \u017ee mi to n\u011bkdo \u0159ekl, ne \u017ee bych na to musel p\u0159ich\u00e1zet s\u00e1m, to by mohlo trvat roky \u2013 \u017ee je m\u016f\u017eu povzbuzovat bonusov\u00fdmi ot\u00e1zkami a svi\u017en\u00fdm tempem pr\u00e1ce. T\u0159eba jsme se v prvouce bavili o sousedn\u00edch st\u00e1tech \u010ceska. Rozhodl jsem se d\u011bti zat\u00edm nezahlcovat hlavn\u00edmi m\u011bsty, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 jsme zrovna \u010detli Luisu a Lotku<\/em>, kter\u00e1 se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 tak\u00e9 ve V\u00eddni a v Mnichov\u011b. A tak se p\u0159i hovoru o sousedn\u00edch st\u00e1tech zept\u00e1m, jestli si n\u00e1hodou n\u011bkdo nepamatuje hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Rakouska. Vlastn\u011b v ka\u017ed\u00e9m t\u00e9matu se d\u00e1 naj\u00edt ot\u00e1zka, o kter\u00e9 v\u00edm, \u017ee ji nezodpov\u00ed Ani\u010dka a Jirka, ale mohl by ji v\u011bd\u011bt Milan a j\u00e1 ho nech\u00e1m zaz\u00e1\u0159it. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 to neprezentuju tak, \u017ee by to m\u011bli v\u011bd\u011bt v\u0161ichni, aby se ti slab\u0161\u00ed nec\u00edtili \u0161patn\u011b. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e d\u011bti pln\u00ed samostatnou pr\u00e1ci, m\u00e1m p\u0159ipraven\u00fd dodate\u010dn\u00fd \u00fakol pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed budou d\u0159\u00edv hotov\u00ed. T\u0159eba maj\u00ed napsat na pap\u00edr \u010dty\u0159i sv\u011btov\u00e9 strany a n\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u011bti je vysypou z ruk\u00e1vu. Tak jim \u0159eknu: napi\u0161te je\u0161t\u011b ty, kter\u00e9 jsou mezi t\u011bmito \u010dty\u0159mi. Pak je popros\u00edm, aby pap\u00edr oto\u010dily podle toho, kde slunce re\u00e1ln\u011b vych\u00e1z\u00ed a kde zapad\u00e1. V \u010cesku se te\u010f hodn\u011b mluv\u00ed o tom, \u017ee v\u00fduka m\u00e1 b\u00fdt diferencovan\u00e1, tedy p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00fdm v\u00fdkonnostn\u00edm \u00farovn\u00edm. To ale neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00e1 u\u010ditel p\u0159ipravovat t\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00e9 hodiny. Sp\u00ed\u0161 jednu napl\u00e1novat dob\u0159e a v\u011bd\u011bt, koho mus\u00ed podpo\u0159it a komu naopak d\u00e1t n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzvu. Kdy\u017e u\u010ditel dob\u0159e zn\u00e1 sv\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1ky a p\u0159edm\u011bt, kter\u00fd u\u010d\u00ed, nen\u00ed probl\u00e9m to d\u011blat spont\u00e1nn\u011b. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vy u\u017e te\u010f mluv\u00edte o sv\u00e9 st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed t\u0159\u00edd\u011b v Z\u0160 Solidarita na Praze 10. Jak\u00e9 v n\u00ed m\u00e1te d\u011bti? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je jich jen patn\u00e1ct, ale t\u0159etina z nich mluv\u00ed doma jin\u00fdm jazykem ne\u017e \u010desky. Jejich rodi\u010de poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z Vietnamu, \u010c\u00edny nebo P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu, ned\u00e1vno n\u00e1m p\u0159ibyly t\u0159i d\u011bti z Ukrajiny. A potom dal\u0161\u00edch p\u00e1r d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed pot\u0159eby, ale takov\u00e9 d\u011bti u\u017e jsou dnes v ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u0161koln\u00ed t\u0159\u00edd\u011b. B\u00fdvaj\u00ed rozt\u011bkan\u00e9 a ka\u017ed\u00e1 novinka je pro n\u011b p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed odv\u00e9st se od toho, pro\u010d ve \u0161kole jsou. Struktura hodiny, kterou jsem se nau\u010dil v Anglii, je kr\u00e1sn\u011b vede. V\u011bd\u00ed, co p\u0159ijde, a mohou se soust\u0159edit na d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u011bci. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak se li\u0161\u00ed b\u00fdt u\u010ditelem v \u010cesku a v Anglii? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017edodenn\u00ed provoz v Anglii je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e tady \u2013 v\u00edc odu\u010den\u00fdch hodin, v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy, v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zodpov\u011bdnost u\u010ditele za \u00fasp\u011bch jeho \u017e\u00e1k\u016f a velk\u00e9 n\u00e1roky ze strany veden\u00ed. Ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1m, \u017ee tady se u\u010ditel\u00e9 fl\u00e1kaj\u00ed, ale tam se na n\u011b tla\u010d\u00ed v\u00edc. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b maj\u00ed taky lep\u0161\u00ed plat. Tlak na v\u00fdsledky existuje i ze strany z\u0159izovatel\u016f. Uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed si, \u017ee pokud znev\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00e9 d\u011bti odejdou ze \u0161kol nevzd\u011blan\u00e9, doplat\u00ed na to nakonec ka\u017ed\u00fd. To se projevuje i v p\u0159\u00edstupu k doch\u00e1zce. Doch\u00e1zka \u017e\u00e1k\u016f je kolem 95 procent, co\u017e je maxim\u00e1ln\u011b t\u00fdden absenc\u00ed za pololet\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u00e1 u\u010ditel v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed administrativn\u00ed oporu. T\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed nemus\u00ed donekone\u010dna sb\u00edrat formul\u00e1\u0159e, omluvenky nebo drobn\u00e9 za tu \u010di onu akci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co by pomohlo \u010desk\u00e9mu \u0161kolstv\u00ed?
<\/strong>Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee se mus\u00edme za\u010d\u00edt zam\u011b\u0159ovat na to, aby ti, kdo jsou dosud ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00ed, byli \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Je to jeden z kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f, jak se posunout k vysp\u011blej\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti. M\u00e1m obavu, \u017ee si na\u0161e zem\u011b t\u00edm, jak poj\u00edm\u00e1 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, aktivn\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u00ed zklaman\u00e9 lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed kon\u010d\u00ed v exekuc\u00edch a nakonec hledaj\u00ed zast\u00e1n\u00ed u populist\u016f. Podle m\u011b se jako spole\u010dnost nem\u016f\u017eeme pohnout, dokud nebudeme m\u00edt \u00factu ke ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, a\u0165 u\u017e poch\u00e1z\u00ed z jakkoli \u0161patn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek a nevynasna\u017e\u00edme se, aby se mu da\u0159ilo a mohl b\u00fdt integr\u00e1ln\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti. Kdy\u017e to te\u010f vezmu hodn\u011b pragmaticky, pokud se to povede, bude doty\u010dn\u00fd platit jednoho dne dan\u011b. Pokud ne, zaplat\u00ed to v\u0161ichni ostatn\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co v\u00e1m za ten prvn\u00ed \u0161koln\u00ed rok v \u010desk\u00e9 \u0161kole ud\u011blalo nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed radost?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b pokrok d\u011bt\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u011bti t\u0159eba d\u0159\u00edv nebyly ani schopn\u00e9 ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b vydr\u017eet nebo se v\u00e1lely po lavici a byly \u00fapln\u011b odpojen\u00e9. A te\u010f za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 hodina, ony tam sed\u00ed, maj\u00ed v\u0161echno p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 a \u010dekaj\u00ed na ot\u00e1zky, hl\u00e1s\u00ed se. To \u010dlov\u011bku d\u00e1v\u00e1 nezlomn\u00fd pocit toho, \u017ee to m\u00e1 smysl. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rozhovor pro https:\/\/eduzin.cz\/wp\/<\/a> vedla Lucie Fialov\u00e1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pavel Bobek sb\u00edral prvn\u00ed u\u010ditelsk\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti v n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed p\u0159ist\u011bhovaleck\u00e9 \u010dtvrti ji\u017en\u00edho Lond\u00fdna. Po dvou letech hledal podobnou v\u00fdzvu v Praze. V jeho sou\u010dasn\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b v pra\u017esk\u00e9 Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kole Solidarita m\u00e1 t\u0159etina \u017e\u00e1k\u016f odli\u0161n\u00fd mate\u0159sk\u00fd jazyk, dal\u0161\u00edm d\u011btem komplikuje vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ADHD nebo poruchy u\u010den\u00ed. Ukazuje se, \u017ee nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed britsk\u00e9 metody, kdy u\u010ditel pevn\u011b dr\u017e\u00ed ot\u011b\u017ee d\u011bn\u00ed ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":8033,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[39,42,108,45],"tags":[2,4],"class_list":["post-8027","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-praha-skolska","category-pro-pedagogy","category-rozhovory-praha-skolska","category-tipy-pro-pedagogy","tag-dulezite","tag-ucitel"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8027","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8027"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8027\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8040,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8027\/revisions\/8040"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8033"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8027"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8027"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8027"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}