{"id":7877,"date":"2022-11-04T10:34:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-04T09:34:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=7877"},"modified":"2022-11-03T12:03:25","modified_gmt":"2022-11-03T11:03:25","slug":"jak-se-zilo-v-iranu-pred-islamskou-revoluci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=7877","title":{"rendered":"Jak se \u017eilo v \u00cdr\u00e1nu p\u0159ed isl\u00e1mskou revoluc\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 protesty pln\u00ed v posledn\u00edch t\u00fddnech titulky sv\u011btov\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed. P\u0159i demonstrac\u00edch reaguj\u00edc\u00edch na smrt mlad\u00e9 studentky Mahs\u00e1 Am\u00edn\u00edov\u00e9 zem\u0159elo podle informac\u00ed organizace Iran Human Rights minim\u00e1ln\u011b 154 lid\u00ed. Obyvatel\u00e9 zem\u011b se bou\u0159\u00ed proti teokratick\u00e9mu re\u017eimu, kter\u00fd zemi vl\u00e1dne ji\u017e od roku 1979. Jak se v\u0161ak v \u00cdr\u00e1nu \u017eilo p\u0159ed revoluc\u00ed, je\u017e naprosto zm\u011bnila pom\u011bry na \u00fazem\u00ed b\u00fdval\u00e9 Persie?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159ed rokem 1979 byl \u00cdr\u00e1n monarchi\u00ed. V \u010dele zem\u011b st\u00e1l \u0161\u00e1h, jeho\u017e vl\u00e1da byla z dne\u0161n\u00edho pohledu absolutistick\u00e1. \u0160\u00e1h Muhammad R\u00e9za Ch\u00e1n z dynastie Pahlav\u00ed obdivoval Turecko a jeho p\u0159\u00edklon k z\u00e1padn\u00ed kultu\u0159e. Podobnou cestou se mezi roky 1926 a 1979, tedy v dob\u011b vl\u00e1dy dynastie Pahlav\u00ed, vydal tak\u00e9 \u00cdr\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za vl\u00e1dy Muhammada R\u00e9zy Pahlav\u00edho v \u00cdr\u00e1nu prob\u00edhalo odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed rozd\u00edl\u016f mezi mu\u017ei a \u017eenami ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b. A\u010dkoli dnes je v zemi st\u00e1tem na\u0159\u00edzeno zahalov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017een, v dob\u011b p\u0159ed isl\u00e1mskou revoluc\u00ed bylo zakr\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed vlas\u016f \u010di obli\u010deje v\u00fdslovn\u011b zak\u00e1z\u00e1no. To v\u0161ak odporovalo tradi\u010dn\u00edm zvyk\u016fm, kter\u00e9 dodr\u017eovaly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm tradi\u010dn\u011b zalo\u017een\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1nci. K vid\u011bn\u00ed byly v tehdej\u0161\u00edm \u00cdr\u00e1nu mimo jin\u00e9 tak\u00e9 minisukn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na internetu lze narazit na mno\u017estv\u00ed sn\u00edmk\u016f zobrazuj\u00edc\u00edch tehdej\u0161\u00ed dobu. Z obr\u00e1zk\u016f je patrn\u00fd p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1padn\u00ed styl obl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed a spole\u010densk\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Z dne\u0161n\u00edho pohledu se tedy jednalo o \u00fapln\u011b jinou zemi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reformy, kter\u00e9 \u0161\u00e1h prov\u00e1d\u011bl, byly mo\u017en\u00e1 na n\u011bkter\u00e9 obyvatele p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychl\u00e9. D\u016fsledkem z\u00e1kazu no\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1voje bylo to, \u017ee mnoz\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1nci zakazovali sv\u00fdm man\u017eelk\u00e1m \u010di dcer\u00e1m vych\u00e1zet z domov\u016f. Pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 to znamenalo, \u017ee nesm\u011bly ani chodit do \u0161koly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Symbolem \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 monarchie byla tak\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u00e1 korupce. Chud\u00fdch \u00cdr\u00e1nc\u016f p\u0159ib\u00fdvalo, zat\u00edmco pen\u00edze z investic kon\u010dily v kaps\u00e1ch n\u011bkolika mocn\u00fdch. V reakci na nevoli ze strany obyvatel se \u0161\u00e1h rozhodl k restrikc\u00edm v\u016f\u010di opozici, zejm\u00e9na z \u0159ad levice a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

70. l\u00e9ta byla v \u00cdr\u00e1nu ve znamen\u00ed jednoho zaj\u00edmav\u00e9ho fenom\u00e9nu. \u010clenov\u00e9 hnut\u00ed hippies v tomto obdob\u00ed zemi vyu\u017e\u00edvali k tranzitu p\u0159i sv\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch do Indie. Mnoho „hipp\u00edk\u016f“ se k t\u00e9to cest\u011b rozhodlo za \u00fa\u010delem opro\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed se od svazuj\u00edc\u00edch rodinn\u00fdch konvenc\u00ed \u010di honby za pen\u011bzi ze strany rodi\u010d\u016f. Mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 tak\u00e9 m\u011bli touhu za\u017e\u00edt dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed a mysti\u010dno, kter\u00e9 Indie a zem\u011b Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu p\u0159edstavovaly. V \u00cdr\u00e1nu a v Indii byly v t\u00e9 dob\u011b mimo jin\u00e9 voln\u011b dostupn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed drogy. Odhady po\u010dtu t\u011bchto cestovatel\u016f se pohybuj\u00ed mezi n\u011bkolika set tis\u00edci a\u017e p\u011bti miliony.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vzhled a chov\u00e1n\u00ed hippies znechucovaly tradi\u010dn\u00ed muslimy. Pro mnoho obyvatel byli hippies prvn\u00edmi cizinci, kter\u00e9 ve sv\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b vid\u011bli. D\u00e1 se tedy uva\u017eovat o tom, \u017ee ve spojen\u00ed s proz\u00e1padn\u00ed vl\u00e1dou \u0161\u00e1ha R\u00e9zy Pahlav\u00edho se jednalo o jednu z p\u0159\u00ed\u010din revoluce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 revoluce zapo\u010dala v roce 1978 a jej\u00edm heslem bylo: „Svoboda, nez\u00e1vislost, isl\u00e1msk\u00e1 republika“. P\u0159evrat na konci 70. let byl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u016fsledkem soci\u00e1ln\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f a chudoby velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti obyvatel. \u0160\u00e1h R\u00e9za Pahlav\u00ed byl pod tlakem protest\u016f donucen vzd\u00e1t se moci a p\u0159edat vl\u00e1du nad zem\u00ed v\u016fdci isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 revoluce R\u00faholl\u00e1hovi Chomejn\u00edmu. Zapo\u010dala tak \u00e9ra, kter\u00e1 se projevuje islamizac\u00ed v\u0161ech \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cdr\u00e1n je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b republikou, v jej\u00edm\u017e \u010dele stoj\u00ed prezident. Skute\u010dn\u00e1 moc v\u0161ak pat\u0159\u00ed duchovn\u00edmu v\u016fdci, kter\u00fdm je od roku 1989 Sajjid Al\u00ed Chamene\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroj obr\u00e1zku: Obr\u00e1zek u\u017eivatele Shimaabedinzade ze slu\u017eby Pixabay<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 protesty pln\u00ed v posledn\u00edch t\u00fddnech titulky sv\u011btov\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed. P\u0159i demonstrac\u00edch reaguj\u00edc\u00edch na smrt mlad\u00e9 studentky Mahs\u00e1 Am\u00edn\u00edov\u00e9 zem\u0159elo podle informac\u00ed organizace Iran Human Rights minim\u00e1ln\u011b 154 lid\u00ed. Obyvatel\u00e9 zem\u011b se bou\u0159\u00ed proti teokratick\u00e9mu re\u017eimu, kter\u00fd zemi vl\u00e1dne ji\u017e od roku 1979. Jak se v\u0161ak v \u00cdr\u00e1nu \u017eilo p\u0159ed revoluc\u00ed, je\u017e naprosto zm\u011bnila pom\u011bry na […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":7879,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[64,62,63,51,46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7877","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualni-deni","category-historie","category-politika","category-spolecnost","category-studentske-zpravodajstvi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7877","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7877"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7877\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7880,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7877\/revisions\/7880"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7879"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7877"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7877"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7877"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}