{"id":7384,"date":"2022-09-12T10:14:00","date_gmt":"2022-09-12T08:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=7384"},"modified":"2022-10-02T07:20:48","modified_gmt":"2022-10-02T05:20:48","slug":"jakymi-zmenami-prochazi-mozek-adolescentu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=7384","title":{"rendered":"Jak\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami proch\u00e1z\u00ed mozek adolescent\u016f?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Rodi\u010de a u\u010ditel\u00e9 dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch se \u010dasto mohou setk\u00e1vat s pocitem, \u017ee maj\u00ed co do \u010din\u011bn\u00ed s velmi vzn\u011btlivou mysl\u00ed. Obdob\u00ed dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee jevit jako \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00ed prom\u011bna p\u0159evr\u00e1cen\u00ed naruby du\u0161e a mysli, co\u017e z d\u00edt\u011bte utvo\u0159\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd je k nepozn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi se objevuj\u00ed t\u011b\u017eko zvladateln\u00e9 v\u00fdkyvy n\u00e1lad, krize identity, touha po spole\u010densk\u00e9m uzn\u00e1n\u00ed, nov\u011b objeven\u00e1 chu\u0165 riskovat a za\u017e\u00edvat dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed a zd\u00e1nliv\u011b naprost\u00e1 neschopnost p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o budouc\u00edch d\u016fsledc\u00edch sv\u00fdch \u010din\u016f. Teprve v posledn\u00edch zhruba dvou desetilet\u00edch se v\u011bdc\u016fm poda\u0159ilo zmapovat nervov\u00e9 zm\u011bny v tomto kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9m obdob\u00ed v\u00fdvoje a rozlu\u0161tit tajemstv\u00ed mozku dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch. Dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je koneckonc\u016f tak\u00e9 obdob\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch kognitivn\u00edch skok\u016f. Dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed navazuj\u00ed na z\u00e1klady, kter\u00e9 se nau\u010dili jako mal\u00e9 d\u011bti, a rozv\u00edjej\u00ed sofistikovan\u00e9 a zral\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby my\u0161len\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b abstraktn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a jemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed &#8222;teorie mysli&#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zm\u011bny n\u00e1lad u dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch lze vysv\u011btlit souhrou fyziologick\u00fdch a psychologick\u00fdch proces\u016f spojen\u00fdch s dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm. Za prv\u00e9, u mnoha dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch doch\u00e1z\u00ed k v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdkyv\u016fm neurotransmiter\u016f a hormon\u016f, jako jsou serotonin, GABA a kortizol &#8211; v\u0161echny tyto l\u00e1tky mohou m\u011bnit jejich n\u00e1ladu. \u201eKdy\u017e si vezmete serotonin, je to &#8218;hormon dobr\u00e9 n\u00e1lady&#8216; &#8211; a kdy\u017e je v \u00fatlumu, budete m\u00edt velmi \u0161patnou n\u00e1ladu,&#8220; \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 John Coleman, klinick\u00fd psycholog a autor knihy The Teacher a The Teenage Brain. U dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch se tak\u00e9 projevuje zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 aktivita medi\u00e1ln\u00ed prefront\u00e1ln\u00ed k\u016fry, kter\u00e1 se pod\u00edl\u00ed na zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed podn\u011bt\u016f a reagov\u00e1n\u00ed na druh\u00e9 lidi. V\u00fdzkumy ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee aktivita v mozkov\u00fdch oblastech souvisej\u00edc\u00edch se sebehodnocen\u00edm m\u00e1 tendenci vrcholit v polovin\u011b dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b informac\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se statusu. Tato schopnost porozum\u011bt soci\u00e1ln\u00edm interakc\u00edm a s\u00edt\u00edm je nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch, ale m\u016f\u017ee znamenat, \u017ee jsou obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b citliv\u00ed na \u00fastrky a zn\u00e1mky nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje jejich n\u00e1chylnost k soci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fazkosti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rodi\u010de si tak\u00e9 \u010dasto st\u011b\u017euj\u00ed na fakt, \u017ee jejich d\u011bti chod\u00ed pozd\u011b sp\u00e1t. Toto m\u00e1 co do \u010din\u011bn\u00ed s odli\u0161n\u00fdmi hladinami melatoninu na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u011bku. U dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch melatonin jednodu\u0161e stoup\u00e1 a kles\u00e1 pozd\u011bji b\u011bhem dne ne\u017e u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch &#8211; to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se budou c\u00edtit \u010dil\u00ed a aktivn\u00ed, kdy\u017e se jejich rodi\u010de chystaj\u00ed j\u00edt sp\u00e1t, a unaven\u00ed a ospal\u00ed brzy r\u00e1no, kdy u\u017e jejich rodi\u010de mo\u017en\u00e1 byli n\u011bkolik hodin vzh\u016fru. \u201ePrakticky \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu dosp\u011bl\u00e9mu nez\u016fstane melatonin v mozku v dev\u011bt hodin r\u00e1no, ale p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b polovin\u011b dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch ano,&#8220; \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Coleman.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dosp\u011bl\u00ed se mnohdy mohou c\u00edtit frustrovan\u00ed vzpurnost\u00ed dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch, jen\u017ee kv\u016fli jejich extr\u00e9mn\u00ed emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed citlivosti na hn\u011bv pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nebudou reagovat tak, jak se od nich o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1. \u201eI kdy\u017e je velmi l\u00e1kav\u00e9 k\u0159i\u010det, je to ve skute\u010dnosti kontraproduktivn\u00ed,&#8220; \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 psycholo\u017eka Terri Apterov\u00e1. \u201e [D\u011bti] jsou tak vn\u00edmav\u00e9 na emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed sd\u011blen\u00ed, \u017ee nebudou schopn\u00e9 sly\u0161et \u017e\u00e1dnou logiku, kterou se jim sna\u017e\u00edte p\u0159edat.&#8220;  Apterov\u00e1 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee se p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edmi setk\u00e1v\u00e1 s mno\u017estv\u00edm pozitivn\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed. Poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed jsou \u010dasto velmi vn\u00edmav\u00ed k my\u0161lence, \u017ee zm\u011bny v jejich mozku mohou b\u00fdt formov\u00e1ny jejich \u010diny. Pravdou je, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce budou tr\u00e9novat dovednosti, jako je sebeovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a regulace emoc\u00ed, t\u00edm lep\u0161\u00edmi se v t\u011bchto ohledech stanou. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rodi\u010de a u\u010ditel\u00e9 dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch se \u010dasto mohou setk\u00e1vat s pocitem, \u017ee maj\u00ed co do \u010din\u011bn\u00ed s velmi vzn\u011btlivou mysl\u00ed. Obdob\u00ed dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee jevit jako \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00ed prom\u011bna p\u0159evr\u00e1cen\u00ed naruby du\u0161e a mysli, co\u017e z d\u00edt\u011bte utvo\u0159\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd je k nepozn\u00e1n\u00ed. V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi se objevuj\u00ed t\u011b\u017eko zvladateln\u00e9 v\u00fdkyvy n\u00e1lad, krize identity, touha po spole\u010densk\u00e9m [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[51,35,46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7384","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-spolecnost","category-studentska-tvorba","category-studentske-zpravodajstvi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7384","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7384"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7384\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7666,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7384\/revisions\/7666"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7384"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7384"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7384"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}