{"id":22506,"date":"2025-12-11T22:32:03","date_gmt":"2025-12-11T21:32:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.prahaskolska.eu\/?p=21630"},"modified":"2025-12-11T22:32:03","modified_gmt":"2025-12-11T21:32:03","slug":"pruzkum-inkluze-nadale-rozdeluje-ceskou-spolecnost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=22506","title":{"rendered":"PR\u016eZKUM: Inkluze nad\u00e1le rozd\u011bluje \u010deskou spole\u010dnost"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

N\u00e1zory na inkluzi se v \u010cesku rozch\u00e1zej\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v n\u00ed vid\u00ed f\u00e9rovou cestu kter\u00e1 d\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u011btem se znev\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00edm nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti. Jin\u00ed maj\u00ed pocit \u017ee na ni \u0161koly nemaj\u00ed dost sil. Mezi t\u011bmito p\u00f3ly se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh inkluze, kter\u00fd dokazuje \u017ee bez dobr\u00e9 podpory se d\u00e1l posunout ned\u00e1.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inkluze ve \u0161kolstv\u00ed znamen\u00e1, \u017ee d\u00edt\u011b se znev\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00edm zdravotn\u00edm, soci\u00e1ln\u00edm, nebo s poruchou u\u010den\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee nav\u0161t\u011bvovat b\u011b\u017enou \u0161kolu a dostat pot\u0159ebnou podporu. Tu p\u0159edstavuje pomoc asistenta pedagoga, \u00faprava v\u00fduky, speci\u00e1ln\u00ed pom\u016fcky, nebo p\u00e9\u010de \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho poradensk\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Od roku 2005 plat\u00ed \u017ee sp\u00e1dov\u00e1 \u0161kola mus\u00ed p\u0159ijmout d\u00edt\u011b s danou adresou, a od roku 2016 maj\u00ed \u0161koly nav\u00edc jistotu, \u017ee st\u00e1t p\u0159isp\u011bje na podporu \u017e\u00e1k\u016f se speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edmi pot\u0159ebami. Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161koly a t\u0159\u00eddy v\u0161ak dodnes funguj\u00ed d\u00e1l pro d\u011bti, jejich\u017e pot\u0159eby b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 v\u00fduka ani asistence nepokryj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dvacet let zm\u011bn ale jen \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fd posun<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V dob\u011b kdy inkluze vstupovala do praxe, chodilo do speci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0161kol zhruba 4,8 % v\u0161ech \u017e\u00e1k\u016f. Do roku 2017 tento pod\u00edl klesl na 2,9 %, od t\u00e9 doby se dr\u017e\u00ed na podobn\u00e9 \u00farovni. Znamen\u00e1 to \u017ee inkluze zafungovala jen z\u010d\u00e1sti, nebo\u0165 zm\u011bny nep\u0159inesly radik\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159esun \u017e\u00e1k\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Zdroj: PAQ Research<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdrazn\u011b se v\u0161ak zv\u00fd\u0161il po\u010det d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed v b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch p\u0159iznanou podporu. Nej\u010dast\u011bji jde o poruchy u\u010den\u00ed a chov\u00e1n\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad dyslexii, dysgrafii nebo pot\u00ed\u017ee s pozornost\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1ci s\u00a0lehk\u00fdm ment\u00e1ln\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm\u00a0jsou podle pr\u016fzkumu v b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch sp\u00ed\u0161e vz\u00e1cn\u00ed a \u0159adu z nich nenav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed v\u016fbec. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podpora je nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 a nerovnom\u011brn\u00e1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st v\u00fddaj\u016f na inkluzi p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed asistenti pedagoga. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny celkov\u00fdch n\u00e1klad\u016f m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b na jejich pr\u00e1ci, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jejich rozlo\u017een\u00ed je velmi nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch regionech p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na jednoho asistenta mnohem v\u00edce \u017e\u00e1k\u016f ne\u017e jinde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je v\u0161ak nedostatek \u0161koln\u00edch odborn\u00edk\u016f. Polovina \u0161kol nem\u00e1 psychologa, speci\u00e1ln\u00edho pedagoga ani soci\u00e1ln\u00edho pracovn\u00edka, co\u017e z\u00e1sadn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje kvalitu podpory, kterou m\u016f\u017ee \u0161kola d\u00edt\u011bti nab\u00eddnout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdzkumy ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee inkluze p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky, pokud m\u00e1 dobr\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, tedy dostatek pen\u011bz, kvalifikovan\u00fd person\u00e1l i dob\u0159e nastaven\u00e9 postupy. Bez toho se z n\u00ed na \u0161kole st\u00e1v\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd pojem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co je nutn\u00e9 zm\u011bnit, aby inkluze d\u00e1vala smysl<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anal\u00fdzy doporu\u010duj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed prom\u011bnu syst\u00e9mu podpory. Je pot\u0159eba jasn\u011b definovat roli asistent\u016f pedagoga, aby nep\u016fsobili jako osobn\u00ed doprovod jednotliv\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1k\u016f, ale jako sou\u010d\u00e1st u\u010ditelsk\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160koly z\u00e1rove\u0148 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed v\u00edce psycholog\u016f, speci\u00e1ln\u00edch pedagog\u016f i soci\u00e1ln\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f, a tam, kde je v\u00edce \u017e\u00e1k\u016f se znev\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00edm, by m\u011bl b\u00fdt v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rozpo\u010det na podporu. Nutn\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 sjednotit diagnostiku d\u011bt\u00ed i postupy poradensk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Praxe se v jednotliv\u00fdch regionech velmi li\u0161\u00ed a v\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee dv\u011b d\u011bti se stejn\u00fdm typem pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed mohou dostat zcela odli\u0161nou podporu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroj: PAQ Research<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroj \u00favodn\u00edho obr\u00e1zku: Freepik<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00e1zory na inkluzi se v \u010cesku rozch\u00e1zej\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v n\u00ed vid\u00ed f\u00e9rovou cestu kter\u00e1 d\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u011btem se znev\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00edm nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti. Jin\u00ed maj\u00ed pocit \u017ee na ni \u0161koly nemaj\u00ed dost sil. Mezi t\u011bmito p\u00f3ly se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh inkluze, kter\u00fd dokazuje \u017ee bez dobr\u00e9 podpory se d\u00e1l posunout ned\u00e1. Inkluze ve \u0161kolstv\u00ed znamen\u00e1, \u017ee d\u00edt\u011b se […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":42,"featured_media":21646,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[28,419],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22506","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualne-ze-skolstvi","category-vyzkumy-o-skolstvi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22506","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/42"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22506"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22506\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22506"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22506"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22506"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}