{"id":20872,"date":"2025-10-14T09:50:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-14T07:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=20872"},"modified":"2025-10-12T07:35:11","modified_gmt":"2025-10-12T05:35:11","slug":"jak-se-lisi-prijimaci-zkousky-na-stredni-skoly-v-cesku-a-v-zahranici","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=20872","title":{"rendered":"Jak se li\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00ed zkou\u0161ky na st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161koly v \u010cesku a v zahrani\u010d\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>P\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00ed zkou\u0161ky na st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161koly se v r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch li\u0161\u00ed nejen svou formou, ale i filozofi\u00ed a v\u00fdb\u011brov\u00fdmi krit\u00e9rii. V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice jsou p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010dky relativn\u011b standardizovan\u00e9 a v\u011bt\u0161ina \u0161kol vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jednotn\u00e9 testy z \u010desk\u00e9ho jazyka a matematiky p\u0159ipravovan\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed organizac\u00ed Cermat. Uchaze\u010di maj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou dv\u011b mo\u017enosti, kdy se mohou test\u016f z\u00fa\u010dastnit, a lep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky se po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed do celkov\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed. P\u0159esto\u017ee je testov\u011b orientovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m v \u010cesku roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd, je zde st\u00e1le prostor pro \u0161koln\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00ed zkou\u0161ky, kter\u00e9 mohou tvo\u0159it a\u017e 40 % kone\u010dn\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed uchaze\u010de.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii je syst\u00e9m p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161koly v\u00fdrazn\u011b komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed je zkou\u0161ka GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education), kterou skl\u00e1daj\u00ed studenti ve v\u011bku mezi 14 a 16 lety z v\u00edce p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f. Na ni navazuj\u00ed testy A-levels, kter\u00e9 jsou obdobou maturity a rozhoduj\u00ed o p\u0159ijet\u00ed na vysok\u00e9 \u0161koly. P\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00ed proces do presti\u017en\u00edch soukrom\u00fdch \u0161kol \u010dasto zahrnuje tak\u00e9 osobn\u00ed pohovory, reference u\u010ditel\u016f a hodnocen\u00ed mimo\u0161koln\u00edch aktivit. V\u00fdznamnou roli hraje i profil uchaze\u010de. Tento syst\u00e9m v\u00edce db\u00e1 na osobnostn\u00ed rozvoj a vyv\u00e1\u017eenost studenta, nejen na znalosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V N\u011bmecku je vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed syst\u00e9m rozd\u011blen na n\u011bkolik typ\u016f st\u0159edn\u00edch \u0161kol, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e p\u0159echod mezi nimi m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt flexibiln\u00ed. P\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00ed proces b\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161inou zalo\u017een na pr\u016fm\u011bru \u0161koln\u00edch zn\u00e1mek z p\u0159edchoz\u00edch let, ale v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se kon\u00e1 i tzv. \u201eProbeunterricht\u201c, co\u017e je forma zkou\u0161ky, v r\u00e1mci kter\u00e9 uchaze\u010di sed\u00ed ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b a pln\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fakoly nebo odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed na ot\u00e1zky. Zkou\u0161ky jako takov\u00e9 nejsou v N\u011bmecku plo\u0161n\u00e9 a o p\u0159ijet\u00ed rozhoduj\u00ed tak\u00e9 jin\u00e9 faktory, v\u010detn\u011b doporu\u010den\u00ed a \u0161koln\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f. Syst\u00e9m je zde v\u00edce diferencovan\u00fd podle typu \u0161koly a region\u00e1ln\u00edch specifik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve Francii neprob\u00edhaj\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00ed zkou\u0161ky na st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161koly. Do prvn\u00edho stupn\u011b st\u0159edn\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, zvan\u00e9ho coll\u00e8ge, jsou \u017e\u00e1ci p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1ni v\u011bt\u0161inou automaticky na z\u00e1klad\u011b sp\u00e1dov\u00e9 oblasti. Na konci z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly v\u0161ak \u017e\u00e1ci skl\u00e1daj\u00ed tzv. \u201ebrevet des coll\u00e8ges\u201c, co\u017e je soubor test\u016f, kter\u00fd v\u0161ak p\u0159\u00edmo nerozhoduje o p\u0159ijet\u00ed na dal\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161koly, naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 lyc\u00e9e. P\u0159ijet\u00ed zde \u010dasto nez\u00e1vis\u00ed na jednom testu, ale na celkov\u00e9m hodnocen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ka, z\u00e1jmech \u0161koly a n\u011bkdy i motiva\u010dn\u00edch dopisech. Pr\u00e9miov\u00e9 \u0161koly a specializovan\u00e9 programy mohou vy\u017eadovat specifick\u00e9 \u201econcours\u201c, tedy talentov\u00e9 a p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00ed zkou\u0161ky, ale ty nejsou pro v\u011bt\u0161inu student\u016f b\u011b\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V USA se p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00ed proces li\u0161\u00ed podle typu \u0161koly a st\u00e1tu, ale obecn\u011b je komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v \u010cesku. Studenti mus\u00ed p\u0159edlo\u017eit nejen zn\u00e1mky, ale tak\u00e9 motiva\u010dn\u00ed dopisy, doporu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed dopisy a slo\u017eit standardizovan\u00e9 testy jako SAT nebo ACT. Pro \u0161koly je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd tak\u00e9 profil uchaze\u010de v\u010detn\u011b mimo\u0161koln\u00edch aktivit, dobrovolnictv\u00ed, a schopnosti kritick\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed. P\u0159ij\u00edma\u010dky \u010dasto zahrnuj\u00ed i osobn\u00ed pohovor. Tento v\u00edcerozm\u011brn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup m\u00e1 za c\u00edl naj\u00edt studenta, kter\u00fd nejl\u00e9pe zapadne do \u0161koln\u00ed komunity nejen akademicky, ale i celkov\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je Japonsko, kde je p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 a konkuren\u010dn\u00ed. Uchaze\u010di skl\u00e1daj\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 testy z v\u00edce p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e p\u0159ijet\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na v\u00fdsledc\u00edch t\u011bchto test\u016f, je\u017e jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za kl\u00ed\u010dovou br\u00e1nu do presti\u017en\u00edch \u0161kol. V Japonsku je z\u00e1rove\u0148 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 reputace \u0161koly. Tento syst\u00e9m vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 zna\u010dn\u00fd stres mezi \u017e\u00e1ky i rodi\u010di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V Austr\u00e1lii se na ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00ed zkou\u0161ky t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nekonaj\u00ed, m\u00edsto toho je v\u011bt\u0161inou rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed sp\u00e1dov\u00e1 oblast a \u0161koln\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed z p\u0159edchoz\u00edch let. Naopak u soukrom\u00fdch \u0161kol, zejm\u00e9na t\u011bch presti\u017en\u00edch, je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00edho procesu test ze v\u0161eobecn\u00fdch znalost\u00ed, jazykov\u00e9 a matematick\u00e9 dovednosti a \u010dasto dal\u0161\u00ed evaluace schopnost\u00ed a osobnosti \u017e\u00e1ka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V n\u011bkter\u00fdch skandin\u00e1vsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch, nap\u0159\u00edklad ve \u0160v\u00e9dsku, je kladen d\u016fraz na holistick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup. \u0160koly hodnot\u00ed nejen \u0161koln\u00ed v\u00fdsledky, ale i osobn\u00ed motivaci, mimo\u0161koln\u00ed aktivity a doporu\u010den\u00ed pedagog\u016f. P\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00ed proces je zde m\u00e9n\u011b formalizovan\u00fd, studenti maj\u00ed v\u00edce mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak prok\u00e1zat sv\u016fj potenci\u00e1l nap\u0159\u00edklad prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm projekt\u016f \u010di pohovor\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Celkov\u011b lze \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee \u010desk\u00fd syst\u00e9m p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010dek je sp\u00ed\u0161e zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch znalost\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm test\u016f, zat\u00edmco zahrani\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupy jsou \u010dasto komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a v\u00edce se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed celkov\u00e9ho profilu uchaze\u010de, jeho schopnosti, motivace a schopnosti zapojit se do \u017eivota \u0161koly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>Zdroje: Education s.r.o., prijimacky.cermat.cz, N\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00fastav pro vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/sup><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00ed zkou\u0161ky na st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161koly se v r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch li\u0161\u00ed nejen svou formou, ale i filozofi\u00ed a v\u00fdb\u011brov\u00fdmi krit\u00e9rii. V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice jsou p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010dky relativn\u011b standardizovan\u00e9 a v\u011bt\u0161ina \u0161kol vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jednotn\u00e9 testy z \u010desk\u00e9ho jazyka a matematiky p\u0159ipravovan\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed organizac\u00ed Cermat. Uchaze\u010di maj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou dv\u011b mo\u017enosti, kdy se mohou test\u016f z\u00fa\u010dastnit, a lep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky se [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"featured_media":20873,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[22,40,290],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20872","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-prijimaci-zkousky-na-stredni-skoly","category-stredni-skoly","category-zajimavosti"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20872","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/43"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=20872"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20872\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20927,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20872\/revisions\/20927"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/20873"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=20872"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=20872"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=20872"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}