{"id":18493,"date":"2024-12-17T18:10:46","date_gmt":"2024-12-17T17:10:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=18493"},"modified":"2024-12-15T23:06:23","modified_gmt":"2024-12-15T22:06:23","slug":"nedostatek-ucitelu-fyziky-resenim-je-zmena-vyuky-uz-od-zakladu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=18493","title":{"rendered":"Nedostatek u\u010ditel\u016f fyziky: \u0158e\u0161en\u00edm je zm\u011bna v\u00fduky u\u017e od z\u00e1klad\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Fyzika pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejm\u00e9n\u011b obl\u00edben\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty na z\u00e1kladn\u00edch a st\u0159edn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Tento nez\u00e1jem se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed i na po\u010dtu student\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed si vyb\u00edraj\u00ed u\u010ditelstv\u00ed fyziky jako sv\u016fj obor na vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Situace je tak v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 fakulty maj\u00ed probl\u00e9m naplnit prvn\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00edky, a p\u0159irozen\u00fd odchod u\u010ditel\u016f do d\u016fchodu p\u0159evy\u0161uje po\u010det nov\u00fdch absolvent\u016f.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle Jana K\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, d\u011bkana P\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e9 fakulty Univerzity Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 a nastupuj\u00edc\u00edho rektora univerzity, by cesta k n\u00e1prav\u011b m\u011bla za\u010d\u00edt u\u017e na z\u00e1kladn\u00edch a st\u0159edn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch. \u201eMus\u00edme u\u010dinit fyziku p\u0159ita\u017eliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro \u017e\u00e1ky, aby si ji mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 obl\u00edbili a pozd\u011bji ji cht\u011bli studovat,\u201c vysv\u011btluje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Kritick\u00fd nedostatek fyzik\u00e1\u0159\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok vystuduje u\u010ditelstv\u00ed fyziky v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice pouze \u010dty\u0159icet lid\u00ed. To je m\u00e9n\u011b, ne\u017e kolik jich odch\u00e1z\u00ed do d\u016fchodu. \u201ePamatuji si doby, kdy jsme v na\u0161em oboru otev\u00edrali dv\u011b skupiny s celkem \u010dty\u0159iceti studenty. Dnes jsem r\u00e1d, kdy\u017e do prvn\u00edho ro\u010dn\u00edku nastoup\u00ed dvacet lid\u00ed. Do druh\u00e9ho se jich dostane polovina a nakonec dostuduje p\u011bt, z nich\u017e ne v\u0161ichni nastoup\u00ed do \u0161kolstv\u00ed,\u201c popisuje K\u0159\u00ed\u017e sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento trend potvrzuje i Ministerstvo \u0161kolstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00e9 obory (v\u010detn\u011b fyziky) za\u0159adilo mezi deficitn\u00ed. Ministerstvo proto zavedlo speci\u00e1ln\u00ed fond na podporu vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v t\u011bchto oborech. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se sna\u017e\u00ed motivovat vysok\u00e9 \u0161koly, aby rozv\u00edjely dal\u0161\u00ed formy vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad kurzy pro u\u010ditele, kte\u0159\u00ed si cht\u011bj\u00ed doplnit aprobaci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Co stoj\u00ed za nez\u00e1jmem o fyziku?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u0159\u00ed\u017e upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f je zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm se fyzika na \u0161kol\u00e1ch u\u010d\u00ed. \u201ePokud u\u010ditel\u00e9 prezentuj\u00ed fyziku jako biflov\u00e1n\u00ed vzorc\u016f a pou\u010dek, t\u011b\u017eko pro ni nadchnou \u017e\u00e1ky. D\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je ukazovat, jak fyzika popisuje sv\u011bt kolem n\u00e1s. U\u010ditel by m\u011bl b\u00fdt pr\u016fvodcem, kter\u00fd student\u016fm umo\u017en\u00ed sami objevovat,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed pokus\u016f do v\u00fduky. Praktick\u00e1 demonstrace fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch jev\u016f, kterou si \u017e\u00e1ci mohou sami vyzkou\u0161et, je mnohem efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e teoretick\u00fd v\u00fdklad. A\u010dkoli existuj\u00ed i modern\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed experimenty, podle K\u0159\u00ed\u017ee nic nenahrad\u00ed z\u00e1\u017eitek, kdy si \u017e\u00e1k s\u00e1m sestav\u00ed pokus a vid\u00ed v\u00fdsledek na vlastn\u00ed o\u010di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Popularizace fyziky jako kl\u00ed\u010d k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Univerzity se sna\u017e\u00ed situaci zlep\u0161it nejen zm\u011bnami ve v\u00fduce, ale tak\u00e9 populariza\u010dn\u00edmi akcemi. Na Univerzit\u011b Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad studenti organizuj\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 workshopy, kde si mohou vyzkou\u0161et, jak zaujmout d\u011bti fyzikou. Fakulta tak\u00e9 otev\u00edr\u00e1 nov\u00fd program Aplikovan\u00e1 fyzika, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 p\u0159il\u00e1kat nov\u00e9 z\u00e1jemce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed je podle K\u0159\u00ed\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed propojen\u00ed akademick\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed s prax\u00ed. Na hradeck\u00e9 univerzit\u011b nap\u0159\u00edklad u\u010d\u00ed didaktici, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b \u00favazky na z\u00e1kladn\u00edch a st\u0159edn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch. T\u00edm si udr\u017euj\u00ed kontakt s re\u00e1lnou v\u00fdukou a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed sv\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti na budouc\u00ed u\u010ditele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Podpora u\u010ditel\u016f z praxe<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jednou z cest, jak zv\u00fd\u0161it po\u010det kvalifikovan\u00fdch u\u010ditel\u016f fyziky, je umo\u017enit odborn\u00edk\u016fm z praxe u\u010dit i bez pedagogick\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by si mohli doplnit b\u011bhem v\u00fduky. \u201eJe lep\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e fyziku u\u010d\u00ed n\u011bkdo, kdo ji vystudoval a postupn\u011b se dou\u010d\u00ed pedagogiku, ne\u017e kdy\u017e u\u010d\u00ed fyziku n\u011bkdo bez odborn\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 K\u0159\u00ed\u017e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 legislativa v\u0161ak umo\u017e\u0148uje, aby fyziku u\u010dil jak\u00fdkoli u\u010ditel bez ohledu na aprobaci, co\u017e podle K\u0159\u00ed\u017ee nen\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed. \u201eAprobovanost je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 a kvalitn\u00ed veden\u00ed \u0161koly to v\u00ed. Odbornost u\u010ditele se p\u0159\u00edmo odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v tom, jak \u017e\u00e1ci p\u0159edm\u011bt vn\u00edmaj\u00ed,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Lep\u0161\u00ed platov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Probl\u00e9mem dlouho byly tak\u00e9 n\u00edzk\u00e9 platy u\u010ditel\u016f p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f. Situace se v\u0161ak zlep\u0161uje, a u\u010ditel\u00e9 v region\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0161kolstv\u00ed dnes \u010dasto vyd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e odborn\u00ed asistenti na vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Podle K\u0159\u00ed\u017ee je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd krok k tomu, aby se u\u010ditelstv\u00ed stalo atraktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm povol\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Budoucnost fyziky ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zlep\u0161en\u00ed situace si vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 \u00fasil\u00ed na v\u0161ech \u00farovn\u00edch vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu \u2013 od z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161kol po vysok\u00e9 \u0161koly. Kl\u00ed\u010dem je nejen podpora u\u010ditel\u016f a popularizace fyziky, ale tak\u00e9 systematick\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce mezi \u0161kolami a ministerstvem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201eFyzika m\u00e1 obrovsk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l zaujmout, ale je t\u0159eba ji prezentovat jako \u017eiv\u00fd obor, kter\u00fd n\u00e1m pom\u00e1h\u00e1 pochopit sv\u011bt. Pokud to dok\u00e1\u017eeme, m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159it\u00e1hnout nov\u00e9 generace u\u010ditel\u016f a \u017e\u00e1k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed tento fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed obor posunou d\u00e1l,\u201c uzav\u00edr\u00e1 Jan K\u0159\u00ed\u017e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zdroj<\/strong>: Universitas<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fyzika pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejm\u00e9n\u011b obl\u00edben\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty na z\u00e1kladn\u00edch a st\u0159edn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Tento nez\u00e1jem se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed i na po\u010dtu student\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed si vyb\u00edraj\u00ed u\u010ditelstv\u00ed fyziky jako sv\u016fj obor na vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Situace je tak v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 fakulty maj\u00ed probl\u00e9m naplnit prvn\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00edky, a p\u0159irozen\u00fd odchod u\u010ditel\u016f do d\u016fchodu p\u0159evy\u0161uje po\u010det nov\u00fdch absolvent\u016f. Podle Jana K\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":39,"featured_media":18495,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[28,27,41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18493","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualne-ze-skolstvi","category-budoucnost-skolstvi","category-pro-verejnost"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18493","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/39"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18493"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18493\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18494,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18493\/revisions\/18494"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/18495"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18493"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18493"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18493"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}