{"id":18107,"date":"2024-11-14T16:16:18","date_gmt":"2024-11-14T15:16:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=18107"},"modified":"2024-11-14T16:16:20","modified_gmt":"2024-11-14T15:16:20","slug":"neprehledne-stredni-skolstvi-potrebuje-reformu-system-je-prilis-roztristeny-a-studenti-ztraci-prehled","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=18107","title":{"rendered":"Nep\u0159ehledn\u00e9 st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161kolstv\u00ed pot\u0159ebuje reformu: Syst\u00e9m je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd a studenti ztr\u00e1c\u00ed p\u0159ehled"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u010cesk\u00fd vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed syst\u00e9m nab\u00edz\u00ed \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm p\u0159es 230 obor\u016f st\u0159edn\u00edch \u0161kol. A\u010dkoliv by to mohlo na prvn\u00ed pohled vypadat jako v\u00fdhoda, ve skute\u010dnosti je pro studenty obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 se v takto rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 nab\u00eddce orientovat. \u010cast\u00fdm d\u016fsledkem jsou zm\u011bny obor\u016f b\u011bhem studia nebo dokonce p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9 ukon\u010den\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cesk\u00fd vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed syst\u00e9m pro\u0161el v posledn\u00edch letech mnoha zm\u011bnami, ale struktura st\u0159edn\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le pom\u011brn\u011b rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1. Nab\u00eddka v\u00edce ne\u017e 230 \u00fazce specializovan\u00fdch obor\u016f p\u016fsob\u00ed chaoticky a nez\u0159\u00eddka studenty sp\u00ed\u0161e zmate, ne\u017e aby jim pomohla naj\u00edt vhodnou profesn\u00ed dr\u00e1hu. V d\u016fsledku toho mnoz\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci b\u011bhem studia m\u011bn\u00ed obor nebo sv\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b ukon\u010duj\u00ed. Tento probl\u00e9m je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 patrn\u00fd v n\u011bkter\u00fdch regionech, jako jsou \u00dasteck\u00fd a Karlovarsk\u00fd kraj, kde ka\u017ed\u00fd \u0161est\u00fd \u017e\u00e1k nedokon\u010d\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161kolu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kritici sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e1 specializace student\u016f na \u00fazk\u00fd okruh znalost\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee negativn\u011b ovlivnit jejich budouc\u00ed mo\u017enosti na trhu pr\u00e1ce nebo p\u0159i volb\u011b vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9ho studia. \u201e<em>Studenti se u\u017e v \u0161estn\u00e1cti letech rozhoduj\u00ed pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed obory, ani\u017e by m\u011bli dostate\u010dn\u011b ujasn\u011bn\u00e9 sv\u00e9 profesn\u00ed aspirace,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 sociolog Jan Dole\u017eal z organizace PAQ Research. To \u010dasto vede k tomu, \u017ee absolventi kon\u010d\u00ed v zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00edch, kter\u00e1 se v\u00fdrazn\u011b rozch\u00e1zej\u00ed s jejich vystudovan\u00fdm oborem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ministerstvo \u0161kolstv\u00ed proto ve spolupr\u00e1ci s N\u00e1rodn\u00edm pedagogick\u00fdm institutem p\u0159ipravuje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed inovaci oborov\u00e9 struktury. Pl\u00e1nuje zjednodu\u0161it syst\u00e9m t\u00edm, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 obory slou\u010d\u00ed do v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch nadobor\u016f s \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1kladem a s mo\u017enost\u00ed specializace a\u017e v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00edch studia. Podle pracovn\u00edch n\u00e1vrh\u016f by se m\u011bl po\u010det st\u0159edn\u00edch obor\u016f sn\u00ed\u017eit na 104 a\u017e 157, co\u017e by m\u011blo p\u0159in\u00e9st v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed flexibilitu pro studenty a lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edm se pot\u0159eb\u00e1m trhu pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00edkladem, jak by mohlo slou\u010den\u00ed obor\u016f v praxi fungovat, je anal\u00fdza proveden\u00e1 na z\u00e1klad\u011b V\u00fdb\u011brov\u00e9ho \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed pracovn\u00edch sil (V\u0160PS) z roku 2022. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z PAQ Research identifikovali n\u011bkolik velk\u00fdch skupin obor\u016f, jejich\u017e absolventi se uplat\u0148uj\u00ed v podobn\u00fdch profes\u00edch. Tato data ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed studenti z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed ve \u0161kole podobn\u00e9 kompetence, a\u010dkoliv studuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 obory. Pokud by se tyto obory slou\u010dily, mohlo by to nejen zefektivnit vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed proces, ale tak\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161it uplatnitelnost absolvent\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201eN\u00e1\u0161 n\u00e1vrh metodiky zohled\u0148uje pracovn\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed absolvent\u016f jednotliv\u00fdch obor\u016f. Pokud zjist\u00edme, \u017ee se absolventi n\u011bkolika r\u016fzn\u00fdch obor\u016f uplat\u0148uj\u00ed ve velmi podobn\u00fdch zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00edch, mohlo by b\u00fdt vhodn\u00e9 tyto obory spojit a poskytovat student\u016fm \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed spektrum dovednost\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Dole\u017eal. Vedle pracovn\u00edho uplatn\u011bn\u00ed absolvent\u016f by v\u0161ak reforma m\u011bla zohled\u0148ovat i dal\u0161\u00ed faktory, jako jsou r\u00e1mcov\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed programy a dlouhodob\u00e9 trendy na trhu pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Inspirac\u00ed pro pl\u00e1novanou reformu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nap\u0159\u00edklad nizozemsk\u00fd model, kter\u00fd nab\u00edz\u00ed vysokou m\u00edru prostupnosti mezi obory. Tamn\u00ed syst\u00e9m umo\u017e\u0148uje student\u016fm snadn\u011bji p\u0159ech\u00e1zet mezi st\u0159edn\u00edmi a vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi stupni vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 poskytuje solidn\u00ed v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 z\u00e1klady. V Polsku zase kladou d\u016fraz na spolupr\u00e1ci \u0161kol se zam\u011bstnavateli, co\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee studenti z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed dovednosti odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed pot\u0159eb\u00e1m trhu. Nov\u00e1 oborov\u00e1 struktura by m\u011bla b\u00fdt finalizov\u00e1na do roku 2025 a slibuje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed flexibilitu, prostupnost a lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ipravenost absolvent\u016f pro profesn\u00ed \u017eivot i dal\u0161\u00ed studium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zdroj: PAQ Research<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u010cesk\u00fd vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed syst\u00e9m nab\u00edz\u00ed \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm p\u0159es 230 obor\u016f st\u0159edn\u00edch \u0161kol. A\u010dkoliv by to mohlo na prvn\u00ed pohled vypadat jako v\u00fdhoda, ve skute\u010dnosti je pro studenty obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 se v takto rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 nab\u00eddce orientovat. \u010cast\u00fdm d\u016fsledkem jsou zm\u011bny obor\u016f b\u011bhem studia nebo dokonce p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9 ukon\u010den\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. \u010cesk\u00fd vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed syst\u00e9m pro\u0161el v posledn\u00edch letech mnoha zm\u011bnami, ale [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":17149,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[28,51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18107","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualne-ze-skolstvi","category-spolecnost"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18107","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18107"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18107\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18109,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18107\/revisions\/18109"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/17149"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18107"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18107"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18107"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}