{"id":17575,"date":"2024-10-02T15:23:35","date_gmt":"2024-10-02T13:23:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=17575"},"modified":"2024-10-02T15:23:38","modified_gmt":"2024-10-02T13:23:38","slug":"multitasking-skvela-dovednost-nebo-nepritel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=17575","title":{"rendered":"Multitasking \u2013 Skv\u011bl\u00e1 dovednost, nebo nep\u0159\u00edtel?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Um\u011bn\u00ed d\u011blat v\u00edce v\u011bc\u00ed najenou by se na prvn\u00ed pohled mohlo zd\u00e1t jako \u0161ikovn\u00e1 dovednost, m\u016f\u017ee ale m\u00edt p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9 \u201ene\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky\u201c. P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si, jak multitasking ovliv\u0148uje v\u00e1\u0161 mozek, v\u00fdkonnost a koncentraci.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Multitasking se stal v dne\u0161n\u00edm hektick\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b pro mnoho lid\u00ed nepostradatelnou, denn\u011b praktikovanou dovednost\u00ed. Odkud ale tento fenom\u00e9n vzal?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Term\u00edn multitasking byl poprv\u00e9 pou\u017eit v\u00a060. letech v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0v\u00fdkonem po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. Na rozd\u00edl od po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f m\u00e1 ale lidsk\u00fd mozek jednu velkou nev\u00fdhodu \u2013 omezen\u00fd rozsah pozornosti. Pouze velmi m\u00e1lo z\u00a0tis\u00edce informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1me ka\u017edou vte\u0159inou, se dostane do na\u0161eho v\u011bdom\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mozek nen\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soust\u0159edit se na v\u0161echny informace nar\u00e1z zkr\u00e1tka nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9, jak dokazuje nap\u0159\u00edklad slavn\u00fd pokus o selektivn\u00ed pozornosti<\/a>, kter\u00fd v roce uskute\u010dnili v\u011bdci Daniel Simons a Christopher Chabris. V tomto pokusu m\u00e1 div\u00e1k za \u00fakol pozorovat skupinu lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed si h\u00e1z\u00ed s m\u00ed\u010dem, a po\u010d\u00edtat, kolikr\u00e1t j\u00edm p\u0159ehod\u00ed. Pokud se div\u00e1k soust\u0159ed\u00ed na po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed hod\u016f, nev\u0161imne si, \u017ee v pr\u016fb\u011bhu hry mezi hr\u00e1\u010di n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t projde dal\u0161\u00ed osoba v kost\u00fdmu gorily, a naopak, v\u0161imne-li si j\u00ed, po\u010det hod\u016f nedopo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1. Mozek si mus\u00ed vybrat, kter\u00e9 v\u011bci bude v\u011bnovat pozornost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Skute\u010dn\u00fd multitasking je mo\u017en\u00fd pouze u takov\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 vy\u017eaduje jin\u00fd druh kognitivn\u00edch proces\u016f. M\u016f\u017eete tak nap\u0159\u00edklad poslouchat hudbu p\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed kn\u00ed\u017eky, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee byste ale cht\u011bli poslouchat audioknihu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u010d\u00edst noviny, nebo malovat dva obrazy najednou, bude u\u017e v\u00e1\u0161 mozek muset \u201ep\u0159ep\u00ednat\u201c pozornost z jedn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti na druhou, co\u017e povede k ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed produktivit\u011b a kvalit\u011b \u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e9n\u011b je n\u011bkdy v\u00edce <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 je jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d je nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i u\u010den\u00ed snaha o multitasking \u010dasto kontraproduktivn\u00ed a paradoxn\u011b jeho celkov\u00fd \u010das prodlou\u017e\u00ed \u2013 d\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1m fale\u0161n\u00fd pocit vysok\u00e9 v\u00fdkonnosti, ve skute\u010dnosti se ale v\u00a0danou chv\u00edli ani na jednu z\u00a0v\u011bc\u00ed nesoust\u0159ed\u00edme tak, jak by bylo pot\u0159eba. To ale nen\u00ed zdaleka jedin\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem multitaskingu!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdzkum<\/a> veden\u00fd Kevinem Paulem Madore, v\u011bdcem ze Stanfordovy univerzity, ukazuje, \u017ee multitasking m\u00e1 na sv\u011bdom\u00ed tak\u00e9 zhor\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pozornosti a pam\u011bti. M\u00e1 toti\u017e negativn\u00ed vliv jak na tzv. pracovn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165, tedy schopnost mozku udr\u017eet a zpracovat informace, tak na pam\u011b\u0165 dlouhodobou. Pro ur\u010den\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny t\u011bchto negativn\u00edch dopad\u016f bude nicm\u00e9n\u011b pot\u0159eba dal\u0161\u00ed komplexn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Funk\u010dn\u00ed multitasking <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bdci se v n\u00e1zoru na multitasking p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e k negativn\u00edmu hodnocen\u00ed, p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed v\u0161ak, \u017ee existuje minim\u00e1ln\u011b jeden druh, kter\u00fd je prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd \u2013 p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed \u010di \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f p\u0159i ch\u016fzi. Pohyb na \u010derstv\u00e9m vzduchu toti\u017e na\u0161i v\u00fdkonnost a kvalitu my\u0161len\u00ed zvy\u0161uje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u017e tedy budete m\u00edt p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b pocit, \u017ee mus\u00edte \u0159e\u0161it n\u011bkolik v\u011bc\u00ed najednou, zkuste je rad\u011bji promyslet jednu po druh\u00e9 a vyrazit s\u00a0nimi na proch\u00e1zku!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroje:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/neuroscience.stanford.edu\/news\/why-multitasking-does-more-harm-good<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-020-2870-z<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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