{"id":17269,"date":"2024-09-06T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-09-06T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=17269"},"modified":"2024-09-05T11:03:22","modified_gmt":"2024-09-05T09:03:22","slug":"cesko-na-vrcholu-v-mezinarodnim-srovnani-evropskeho-indexu-dovednosti-dosahla-nejvyssiho-hodnoceni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=17269","title":{"rendered":"\u010cesko na vrcholu. V mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm srovn\u00e1n\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9ho indexu dovednost\u00ed dos\u00e1hla nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho hodnocen\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>V roce 2022 dos\u00e1hla \u010cesk\u00e1 republika v Evropsk\u00e9m indexu dovednost\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho hodnocen\u00ed ze v\u0161ech evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Z \u010dasov\u00e9ho pohledu se v\u0161ak v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech jej\u00ed postaven\u00ed zhor\u0161uje. \u010cR obdr\u017eela v tomto indexu, kter\u00fd m\u011b\u0159\u00ed a porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 syst\u00e9my dovednost\u00ed v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b, sk\u00f3re 70 z 100 mo\u017en\u00fdch bod\u016f, co\u017e je nejlep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledek mezi hodnocen\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi. Druh\u00e9 m\u00edsto obsadilo Finsko se sk\u00f3re 67, zat\u00edmco nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edho hodnocen\u00ed dos\u00e1hla It\u00e1lie s 15 body. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika dosahuje v indexu dovednost\u00ed opakovan\u011b vynikaj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f, av\u0161ak \u010dasov\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed ukazuje na ur\u010dit\u00e9 zhor\u0161en\u00ed v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech, co\u017e lze \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b p\u0159i\u010d\u00edtat dopad\u016fm covidov\u00e9 krize.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zhor\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f \u010cR je znepokojiv\u00fdm sign\u00e1lem, zejm\u00e9na v kontextu toho, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina ostatn\u00edch zem\u00ed v dan\u00e9m obdob\u00ed sv\u00e9 sk\u00f3re zlep\u0161ila (13 zem\u00ed), zat\u00edmco u osmi zem\u00ed z\u016fstalo prakticky beze zm\u011bny a deset zem\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b \u010cR, zaznamenalo zhor\u0161en\u00ed. Evropsk\u00fd index dovednost\u00ed tak reflektuje dopady ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch kriz\u00ed na r\u016fzn\u00e9 aspekty syst\u00e9m\u016f rozvoje a vyu\u017eit\u00ed dovednost\u00ed v jednotliv\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Evropsk\u00fd index dovednost\u00ed (ESI) je slo\u017een\u00fdm indik\u00e1torem, kter\u00fd vytvo\u0159il t\u00fdm odborn\u00edk\u016f z Cedefopu (Evropsk\u00e9 st\u0159edisko pro rozvoj odborn\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed) pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a porovn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonu jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00ed v oblasti dovednost\u00ed. Skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se ze t\u0159\u00ed pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f: rozvoj dovednost\u00ed, aktivace dovednost\u00ed a sla\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed dovednost\u00ed s trhem pr\u00e1ce. Index byl vypo\u010dten pro v\u0161ech 27 \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00ed EU a \u010dty\u0159i dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b (Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie, Island, \u0160v\u00fdcarsko a Norsko). Roky uveden\u00e9 ve sk\u00f3re odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed rok\u016fm vyd\u00e1n\u00ed ESI, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e index je publikov\u00e1n se zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm, a tud\u00ed\u017e popisuje stav zhruba o dva roky star\u0161\u00ed, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech i v\u00edce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdborn\u00e9 celkov\u00e9 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky je d\u00e1no p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jej\u00edm relativn\u011b dobr\u00fdm um\u00edst\u011bn\u00edm ve v\u0161ech t\u0159ech pil\u00ed\u0159\u00edch indexu, co\u017e j\u00ed poskytuje v\u00fdhodu oproti zem\u00edm s nevyrovnan\u00fdmi v\u00fdsledky v jednotliv\u00fdch oblastech. V roce 2022 \u010cesk\u00e1 republika obsadila 11. m\u00edsto v pil\u00ed\u0159i rozvoje dovednost\u00ed (sk\u00f3re 58 ze 100), 16. m\u00edsto v aktivaci dovednost\u00ed (sk\u00f3re 54) a prvn\u00ed m\u00edsto ve sla\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed dovednost\u00ed (sk\u00f3re 93). V\u00fdsledky indexu dovednost\u00ed v\u0161ak v\u017edy vy\u017eaduj\u00ed interpretaci v kontextu. Na dobr\u00e9m v\u00fdsledku \u010cR se pod\u00edlej\u00ed i specifick\u00e9 charakteristiky trhu pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e9 sd\u00edl\u00ed s dal\u0161\u00edmi postkomunistick\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159evaha st\u0159edo\u0161kolsk\u00fdch profes\u00ed, relativn\u011b vysok\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e1 rovnost a paradoxn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e1 flexibilita pracovn\u00edho trhu, projevuj\u00edc\u00ed se n\u00edzk\u00fdm pod\u00edlem \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fdch \u00favazk\u016f. Kontext v\u00fdsledku \u010cR je tedy slo\u017eit\u00fd, a proto jej nelze interpretovat jednozna\u010dn\u011b pozitivn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na mikro\u00farovni je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee mezi dovednostmi po\u017eadovan\u00fdmi zam\u011bstnavateli a t\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 populace skute\u010dn\u011b disponuje, existuj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed nesoulady. Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee je p\u0159i pln\u00e9 zam\u011bstnanosti v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1na, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch na pozic\u00edch odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch jejich vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee maj\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 dovednosti, kter\u00e9 zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9 po\u017eaduj\u00ed. Vysok\u00e1 m\u00edra firemn\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v posledn\u00edch letech sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o situaci, kdy firmy nenach\u00e1zej\u00ed pracovn\u00edky s odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed kvalifikac\u00ed. Index nav\u00edc neodr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed skute\u010dnost, \u017ee zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st pracovn\u00edk\u016f pracuje v jin\u00e9m oboru, ne\u017e ve kter\u00e9m z\u00edskali vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pozornost si zaslou\u017e\u00ed oblasti, kde \u010cR v r\u00e1mci indexu ESI dosahuje n\u00edzk\u00e9ho sk\u00f3re nebo kde doch\u00e1z\u00ed k zhor\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed. V oblasti po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je to zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se pod\u00edl mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed opou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed \u0161kolsk\u00fd syst\u00e9m bez dosa\u017een\u00ed alespo\u0148 st\u0159edn\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Varovn\u00fdmi sign\u00e1ly jsou i poklesy kvality po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00e9 ve v\u00fdsledc\u00edch \u010dten\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9, matematick\u00e9 a p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00e9 gramotnosti 15let\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed. V oblasti dal\u0161\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je dlouhodobou slabinou n\u00edzk\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dast v celo\u017eivotn\u00edm u\u010den\u00ed. V roce 2022 se ji\u017e v n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u0161k\u00e1l\u00e1ch indexu ESI projevil vliv covidov\u00e9 krize, by\u0165 ne naplno. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se v\u0161ak, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm vyd\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto indexu bude tento vliv z\u0159eteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako dopady ekonomick\u00e9ho zpomalen\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9ho v\u00e1lkou na Ukrajin\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dobr\u00fd v\u00fdsledek \u010cR v indexu je z\u010d\u00e1sti v\u00fdsledkem pevn\u00fdch rys\u016f syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00e9 sd\u00edl\u00ed s dal\u0161\u00edmi postkomunistick\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi, a z\u010d\u00e1sti odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed pozitivn\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky \u010cR v posledn\u00edch letech, funguj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u016fmysl a prakticky plnou zam\u011bstnanost. Tento jev je patrn\u00fd zejm\u00e9na v pil\u00ed\u0159i sla\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed, kde jsou up\u0159ednost\u0148ov\u00e1ny syst\u00e9my s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmovou rovnost\u00ed a vysokou zam\u011bstnanost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V n\u011bkter\u00fdch sub\u0161k\u00e1l\u00e1ch dosahuj\u00ed s \u010cR vysok\u00e9ho sk\u00f3re i dal\u0161\u00ed postkomunistick\u00e9 zem\u011b, v jin\u00fdch pak rychle se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed ekonomiky (pobaltsk\u00e9 zem\u011b, Malta) nebo stabiln\u00ed rozvinut\u00e9 ekonomiky (skandin\u00e1vsk\u00e9 zem\u011b, \u0160v\u00fdcarsko). Nicm\u00e9n\u011b relativn\u011b vyrovnan\u00fd v\u00fdkon, spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed v kombinaci v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch charakteristik, vynesl \u010cR na vrchol \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku, co\u017e je pozitivn\u00ed skute\u010dnost. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 to v\u0161ak nedokl\u00e1d\u00e1 efektivitu syst\u00e9mu v tvorb\u011b a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed dovednost\u00ed podle aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch pot\u0159eb ekonomiky. V indexu nap\u0159\u00edklad chyb\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd rozm\u011br nesouladu mezi vykon\u00e1vanou profes\u00ed a dovednostmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed na \u010dast\u00fd struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed nesoulad mezi profes\u00ed a dovednostmi. Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed PIAAC (2012) potvrdilo, \u017ee \u010cR m\u00e1 nadpr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd pod\u00edl osob, jejich\u017e form\u00e1ln\u00ed kvalifikace odpov\u00edd\u00e1 \u00farovni vykon\u00e1van\u00e9 profese, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 zjistilo, \u017ee re\u00e1ln\u00e9 dovednosti t\u011bchto osob nejsou v zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed adekv\u00e1tn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny, v \u010dem\u017e \u010cR pat\u0159\u00ed k nejhor\u0161\u00edm mezi sledovan\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed absolvent\u016f st\u0159edn\u00edch a vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol (nap\u0159. \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed NPI o absolventech st\u0159edn\u00edch \u0161kol nebo \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed Centra pro studium vysok\u00e9ho \u0161kolstv\u00ed o vysoko\u0161kol\u00e1c\u00edch Absolvent 2018) ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee absolventi \u010dasto pracuj\u00ed v jin\u00e9m oboru, ne\u017e vystudovali, co\u017e nazna\u010duje nevyu\u017eit\u00ed jejich z\u00edskan\u00fdch dovednost\u00ed. Zde ov\u0161em chyb\u00ed mo\u017enost mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho srovn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zku\u0161enosti z trhu pr\u00e1ce tak\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee pln\u00e1 zam\u011bstnanost neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee pracovn\u00edci maj\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed dovednosti, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e to, \u017ee zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed na v\u00fdb\u011br, i kdy\u017e dovednosti uchaze\u010d\u016f nejsou ide\u00e1ln\u00ed. Nedostatek pracovn\u00edch sil tak m\u016f\u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159et struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed nesoulady v dovednostech uvnit\u0159 podnik\u016f a profes\u00ed, kter\u00e9 index ESI nezachycuje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zdroj: ESI<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V roce 2022 dos\u00e1hla \u010cesk\u00e1 republika v Evropsk\u00e9m indexu dovednost\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho hodnocen\u00ed ze v\u0161ech evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Z \u010dasov\u00e9ho pohledu se v\u0161ak v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech jej\u00ed postaven\u00ed zhor\u0161uje. \u010cR obdr\u017eela v tomto indexu, kter\u00fd m\u011b\u0159\u00ed a porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 syst\u00e9my dovednost\u00ed v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b, sk\u00f3re 70 z 100 mo\u017en\u00fdch bod\u016f, co\u017e je nejlep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledek mezi hodnocen\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi. Druh\u00e9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":17273,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[64,1,114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17269","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualni-deni","category-nezarazene","category-oznameni-a-info"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17269","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/40"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17269"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17269\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17339,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17269\/revisions\/17339"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/17273"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17269"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17269"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17269"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}