{"id":17135,"date":"2024-08-30T09:06:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-30T07:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=17135"},"modified":"2024-08-24T21:40:14","modified_gmt":"2024-08-24T19:40:14","slug":"sikana-na-skolach-jak-si-vede-ceska-republika-proc-k-ni-dochazi-a-jak-ji-eliminovat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=17135","title":{"rendered":"\u0160ikana na \u0161kol\u00e1ch: Jak si vede \u010cesk\u00e1 republika, pro\u010d k n\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed a jak ji eliminovat?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0160ikana na \u0161kol\u00e1ch je z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd ovliv\u0148uje tis\u00edce d\u011bt\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Jde o systematick\u00e9 a opakovan\u00e9 ubli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt formu fyzickou, psychickou nebo kybernetickou. V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice je \u0161ikana st\u00e1le aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm t\u00e9matem a jej\u00ed v\u00fdskyt v n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch je alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159uje na situaci v \u010cR v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty, analyzuje p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny \u0161ikany a nab\u00edz\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, jak \u0161ikanu eliminovat z pohledu spolu\u017e\u00e1k\u016f, rodi\u010d\u016f i u\u010ditel\u016f.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak si vede \u010cesk\u00e1 republika v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch srovn\u00e1n\u00edch v\u00fdskytu \u0161ikany se \u010cesk\u00e1 republika nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve st\u0159edn\u00edch a\u017e vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010dk\u00e1ch. Studie jako PISA (Program pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1k\u016f) ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee \u010desk\u00e9 \u0161koly \u010del\u00ed podobn\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm jako \u0161koly v jin\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech m\u00e1 \u010cR vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru v\u00fdskytu \u0161ikany, ne\u017e je pr\u016fm\u011br Evropsk\u00e9 unie. Nap\u0159\u00edklad podle zpr\u00e1vy OECD z roku 2018 uvedlo 23 % \u010desk\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1k\u016f, \u017ee za\u017eili n\u011bjakou formu \u0161ikany, co\u017e je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pr\u016fm\u011br EU, kter\u00fd \u010din\u00ed 21 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kyber\u0161ikana je tak\u00e9 rostouc\u00edm probl\u00e9mem, proto\u017ee st\u00e1le v\u00edce d\u011bt\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a internetov\u00e9 platformy. V t\u00e9to oblasti nen\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e1 republika v\u00fdjimkou, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e kyber\u0161ikana se \u010dasto odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 mimo dohled u\u010ditel\u016f a rodi\u010d\u016f, co\u017e zt\u011b\u017euje jej\u00ed detekci a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro\u010d k \u0161ikan\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0160ikana m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt mnoho p\u0159\u00ed\u010din, a ty se \u010dasto li\u0161\u00ed podle prost\u0159ed\u00ed a individu\u00e1ln\u00edch faktor\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z hlavn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d k \u0161ikan\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed, zahrnuj\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed nesrovnalosti<\/strong>: D\u011bti, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed probl\u00e9my s ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm sv\u00fdch emoc\u00ed nebo maj\u00ed n\u00edzkou empatii, mohou m\u00edt tendenci se uchylovat k \u0161ikan\u011b jako zp\u016fsobu vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed se s vlastn\u00edmi probl\u00e9my.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Touha po moci a uzn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>: N\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u011bti \u0161ikanuj\u00ed, aby z\u00edskaly soci\u00e1ln\u00ed postaven\u00ed nebo moc nad ostatn\u00edmi. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem se mohou sna\u017eit kompenzovat vlastn\u00ed nejistoty.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Nedostatek dohledu<\/strong>: V prost\u0159ed\u00edch, kde nen\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00fd dohled dosp\u011bl\u00fdch, nap\u0159\u00edklad ve \u0161kole nebo na internetu, maj\u00ed d\u011bti v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed prostor pro \u0161ikanov\u00e1n\u00ed bez okam\u017eit\u00fdch n\u00e1sledk\u016f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Rodinn\u00e9 z\u00e1zem\u00ed<\/strong>: D\u011bti, kter\u00e9 vyr\u016fstaj\u00ed v dysfunk\u010dn\u00edch rodin\u00e1ch nebo jsou samy ob\u011b\u0165mi n\u00e1sil\u00ed, mohou b\u00fdt n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k tomu, aby samy \u0161ikanovaly druh\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 prevence ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch<\/strong>: \u0160koly, kter\u00e9 ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed \u0161ikanu systematicky, vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde se tento jev m\u016f\u017ee rozv\u00edjet a eskalovat.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Jak \u0161ikanu eliminovat?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Eliminace \u0161ikany vy\u017eaduje spolupr\u00e1ci mezi \u017e\u00e1ky, rodi\u010di a u\u010diteli. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 skupina m\u00e1 v tomto procesu svou roli a odpov\u011bdnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Spolu\u017e\u00e1ci jsou \u010dasto prvn\u00edmi sv\u011bdky \u0161ikany a mohou hr\u00e1t kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v jej\u00edm zastaven\u00ed. D\u011bti by m\u011bly b\u00fdt vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1ny o tom, jak rozpoznat \u0161ikanu a jak na ni reagovat. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 podporovat kulturu nulov\u00e9 tolerance v\u016f\u010di \u0161ikan\u011b, kde spolu\u017e\u00e1ci maj\u00ed odvahu se ozvat, pokud jsou sv\u011bdky ubli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. Rovn\u011b\u017e je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 rozv\u00edjet empatii a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed dovednosti, aby d\u011bti ch\u00e1paly d\u016fsledky sv\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed na ostatn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Rodi\u010de hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v prevenci \u0161ikany t\u00edm, \u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed doma prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde se d\u00edt\u011b c\u00edt\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u011b a podporovan\u011b. Rodi\u010de by m\u011bli b\u00fdt v pravideln\u00e9m kontaktu se \u0161kolou, aby byli informov\u00e1ni o p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch probl\u00e9mech a mohli v\u010das zas\u00e1hnout. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 s d\u011btmi otev\u0159en\u011b mluvit o jejich z\u00e1\u017eitc\u00edch ve \u0161kole a na internetu, a podporovat je v tom, aby se neb\u00e1ly o sv\u00fdch probl\u00e9mech hovo\u0159it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0160koly jsou m\u00edstem, kde se \u0161ikana nej\u010dast\u011bji odehr\u00e1v\u00e1, a proto maj\u00ed u\u010ditel\u00e9 a veden\u00ed \u0161koly kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v jej\u00edm p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. \u0160koly by m\u011bly implementovat jasn\u00e9 protokoly proti \u0161ikan\u011b, kter\u00e9 zahrnuj\u00ed postupy pro hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed incident\u016f. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed u\u010ditel\u016f v rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161ikany a v metod\u00e1ch, jak na ni efektivn\u011b reagovat. Prevence by m\u011bla b\u00fdt systematick\u00e1 a zahrnovat pravideln\u00e9 aktivity zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na budov\u00e1n\u00ed pozitivn\u00edch vztah\u016f ve t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch, stejn\u011b jako na rozvoj soci\u00e1ln\u00edch a emo\u010dn\u00edch dovednost\u00ed u d\u011bt\u00ed. \u0160koly mohou tak\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017eit spolupr\u00e1ci s odborn\u00edky, jako jsou psychologov\u00e9 nebo specialist\u00e9 na prevenci \u0161ikany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Za \u0161ikanu nikdy nem\u016f\u017ee ob\u011b\u0165 <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u0160ikana nen\u00ed nikdy vina ob\u011bti, a\u0165 u\u017e se projevuje jak\u00fdmkoli zp\u016fsobem. Zku\u0161enosti ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee \u0161ikana \u010dasto zahrnuje pomlouv\u00e1n\u00ed, intriky, nav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed ostatn\u00edch k ignorov\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u011bti, posm\u011b\u0161ky, fyzick\u00e9 \u00fatoky jako strk\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0161\u0165ouch\u00e1n\u00ed, bit\u00ed, kop\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di dokonce \u0161krcen\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee zahrnovat i ni\u010den\u00ed osobn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed, h\u00e1zen\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f nebo nucen\u00ed k \u010dinnostem, kter\u00e9 ob\u011bti zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed bolest nebo pon\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. Tato jedn\u00e1n\u00ed jsou nep\u0159ijateln\u00e1 a je nutn\u00e9 se jimi zab\u00fdvat bez ohledu na jejich formu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Pokud se ocitnete v obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 situaci, m\u016f\u017eete se obr\u00e1tit na Linku Bezpe\u010d\u00ed (116 111) nebo nav\u0161t\u00edvit webovou str\u00e1nku https:\/\/www.nntb.cz<\/a>, kde naleznete podporu a pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 informace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0160ikana je z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje koordinovanou akci v\u0161ech z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch stran \u2013 spolu\u017e\u00e1k\u016f, rodi\u010d\u016f a u\u010ditel\u016f. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika \u010del\u00ed podobn\u00fdm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m jako jin\u00e9 zem\u011b, ale je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 neust\u00e1le pracovat na zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed prevence a reakc\u00ed na ni. Jen prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm otev\u0159en\u00e9 komunikace, vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a podpory m\u016f\u017eeme vytvo\u0159it prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde se \u0161ikana nebude tolerovat a kde se d\u011bti budou c\u00edtit bezpe\u010dn\u011b a respektov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Zdroj: PISA, OECD, Policie \u010cR, \u0160anci D\u011btem, gov.cz<\/sup><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0160ikana na \u0161kol\u00e1ch je z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd ovliv\u0148uje tis\u00edce d\u011bt\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Jde o systematick\u00e9 a opakovan\u00e9 ubli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt formu fyzickou, psychickou nebo kybernetickou. V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice je \u0161ikana st\u00e1le aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm t\u00e9matem a jej\u00ed v\u00fdskyt v n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch je alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159uje na situaci v \u010cR v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":39,"featured_media":13955,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[56,51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17135","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-problemy-ve-skolstvi","category-spolecnost"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17135","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/39"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17135"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17135\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17242,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17135\/revisions\/17242"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13955"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17135"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}