{"id":14656,"date":"2023-12-10T09:30:00","date_gmt":"2023-12-10T08:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=14656"},"modified":"2023-12-10T18:27:34","modified_gmt":"2023-12-10T17:27:34","slug":"z-historie-pred-440-lety-se-praha-stala-sidelnim-mestem-rudolfa-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=14656","title":{"rendered":"Z HISTORIE: P\u0159ed 440 lety se Praha stala s\u00eddeln\u00edm m\u011bstem Rudolfa II."},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kdy\u017e se v roce 1583 rozhodl rakousk\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 Rudolf II p\u0159es\u00eddlit z V\u00eddn\u011b do Prahy, byl to prvn\u00ed n\u00e1znak jeho dnes ji\u017e charakteristick\u00e9 nekonven\u010dnosti. Rudolf byl jin\u00fd ve v\u0161em – v obl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u00ed\u0159e v magii, ale i v nad\u0161en\u00ed pro v\u011bdu a um\u011bn\u00ed. P\u0159ipome\u0148me si, co dobr\u00e9ho, zl\u00e9ho a \u0161\u00edlen\u00e9ho po tomto ikonick\u00e9m panovn\u00edkovi z\u016fstalo.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V \u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed byli v\u0161ichni rakou\u0161t\u00ed panovn\u00edci naklon\u011bn\u00ed V\u00eddni, jako\u017eto symbolu vzkv\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00edho c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed. To se v\u0161ak zm\u011bnilo, kdy\u017e v roce 1572 po c\u00edsa\u0159i Maxmili\u00e1nu II. p\u0159evzal \u017eezlo jeho syn, Rudolf II. Ten sice zpo\u010d\u00e1tku, jako v\u011bt\u0161ina jeho p\u0159edch\u016fdc\u016f, panoval z V\u00eddn\u011b, to se v\u0161ak zm\u011bnilo o 11 let pozd\u011bji, kdy\u017e se rozhodl p\u0159es\u00eddlit do Prahy. Bohu\u017eel to nebylo ani tak z d\u016fvod\u016f kulturn\u00edch, ale \u0161lo \u010dist\u011b o to, \u017ee Praha nebyla narozd\u00edl od V\u00eddn\u011b trvale ohro\u017eena ze strany Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Rudolfinsk\u00e1 Praha. Zdroj: Wikipedia<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Je pot\u0159eba hned na \u00favod \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee Praha v dob\u011b, kdy se do n\u00ed p\u0159est\u011bhoval cel\u00fd Rudolf\u016fv dv\u016fr, vypadala zubo\u017een\u011b a to v \u010dele s Pra\u017esk\u00fdm hradem, kter\u00fd byl bez nads\u00e1zky na spadnut\u00ed. Za zachov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to dominanty pra\u017esk\u00e9 periferie m\u016f\u017eeme sv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem d\u011bkovat pr\u00e1v\u011b tomuto habsbursk\u00e9mu c\u00edsa\u0159i. Ze za\u010d\u00e1tku sv\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy si Rudolf vyty\u010dil jist\u00e9 diplomatick\u00e9 a politick\u00e9 c\u00edle, kter\u00e9 se mu da\u0159ilo plnit. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b kdy\u017e se se sv\u00fdm dvorem p\u0159est\u011bhoval do Prahy, za\u010daly se d\u00edt v\u011bci\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Milovn\u00edk um\u011bn\u00ed <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I kdy\u017e v\u0161ichni n\u00e1sledn\u00edci tr\u016fnu byli sezn\u00e1meni s m\u00edstn\u00edm um\u011bn\u00edm, byl to pr\u00e1v\u011b Rudolf, kter\u00fd se do n\u011bj zakoukal v\u00edce ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed. Vlastnil bezkonkuren\u010dn\u00ed sb\u00edrku um\u011bn\u00ed, do kter\u00e9 po cel\u00fd \u017eivot p\u0159id\u00e1val ty nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kousky, co\u017e byl mo\u017en\u00e1 tak\u00e9 d\u016fvod, pro\u010d kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e1 kasa zela pr\u00e1zdnotou. Hv\u011bzdy tehdej\u0161\u00ed um\u011bleck\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny si zval do Prahy, kde je velkolep\u011b hostil. Jedn\u00edm z nich byl mal\u00ed\u0159 Giuseppe Arcimboldo, kter\u00fd zpodobnil Rudolfa hned na n\u011bkolika sv\u00fdch obrazech. Dal\u0161\u00edm velik\u00e1nem, kter\u00fd s c\u00edsa\u0159em \u00fazce spolupracoval, byl nizozemsk\u00fd mal\u00ed\u0159, Bartholomeus Spranger, zm\u00ednit mus\u00edme i n\u011bmce Hanse von Aachena. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Portr\u00e9t Rudolfa od Hanse von Aachena. Zdroj: Wikipedia<\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Rudolf II. jako Vertumnus, G. Arcimboldo. Zdroj: Wikipedia<\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u00edsa\u0159 vlastnil tak\u00e9 tzv. kabinet kuriozit, kde jste mohli naj\u00edt nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed artefakty – a\u0165 u\u017e vycpan\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata, hudebn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, staro\u017eitnosti, u n\u011bkter\u00fdch expon\u00e1t\u016f nezle ur\u010dit rok jejich v\u00fdroby ani to, k \u010demu by m\u011bly slou\u017eit. Zkr\u00e1tka kuriozity. <\/p>\n\n\n

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Kabinet kuriozit. Zdroj: Wikipedia<\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Rudolf nemiloval jen um\u011bn\u00ed, i v\u011bda m\u011bla na jeho dvo\u0159e velk\u00fd prostor k r\u016fstu. Do Prahy si pozval elitu tehdej\u0161\u00ed astronomie – Tycha de Brahe \u010di Johana Keplera. <\/p>\n\n\n

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Tycho Brahe. Zdroj: Wikipedia<\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Hranice mezi v\u011bdou a magi\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1 ale tenk\u00e1, tak\u017ee ji Rudolf opakovan\u011b p\u0159ekra\u010doval, ani\u017e by si toho v\u0161iml. Pokud si z d\u011btstv\u00ed vybavujete poh\u00e1dku C\u00edsa\u0159\u016fv Peka\u0159 \u2013 Peka\u0159\u016fv c\u00edsa\u0159 a z n\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u011b m\u00edsty a\u017e chorobnou touhu vyrobit zlato, elix\u00edry ml\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017eivota a dal\u0161\u00ed nesmysly, nejste daleko od pravdy, jak to s Rudolfem skute\u010dn\u011b bylo. V neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b investoval nev\u00eddan\u00e9 pen\u00edze do sv\u00e9ho zevn\u011bj\u0161ku. Na nespo\u010dtu portr\u00e9t\u016f je vyobrazov\u00e1n v luxusn\u00edm oble\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je n\u011bkdy i na kr\u00e1le a\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 honosn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Probl\u00e9m nastal, kdy\u017e se panovn\u00edk p\u0159ed sv\u00fdmi vlada\u0159sk\u00fdmi povinnostmi zav\u0159el do bubliny pln\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed, m\u00f3dy a alchymie. U Rudolfa se pak za\u010daly vyskytovat symptomy psychick\u00fdch nemoc\u00ed a mj. i syfilidy. Z \u010d\u00e1sti to tak vysv\u011btluje jeho un\u00e1hlen\u00e1, n\u011bkdy a\u017e nesmysln\u00e1 vlada\u0159sk\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Vladislavsk\u00fd s\u00e1l za doby Rudolfa II. Zdroj: Wikipedia<\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Z politick\u00e9ho hlediska propadl Rudolf, jak jen mohl. Pomyslnou korunu tomu nasadil Vp\u00e1d Pasovsk\u00fdch, kter\u00e9 do \u010cech s nads\u00e1zkou \u0159e\u010deno pozvala sama jeho c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e1 milost. Kdy\u017e se na jeho odkaz ale pod\u00edv\u00e1me optikou v\u011bdce, nebo historika um\u011bn\u00ed, jen m\u00e1lokter\u00fd vl\u00e1dce investoval do t\u011bchto odv\u011btv\u00ed tolik, jako pr\u00e1v\u011b Rudolf II. Habsbursk\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud si chcete p\u0159ipomenout v\u0161echna slavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na a d\u00edla um\u011blc\u016f, respektive to, co si neodnesli \u0160v\u00e9di p\u0159i n\u00e1sledn\u00e9m obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed Prahy v roce 1648, kte\u0159\u00ed za doby vl\u00e1dy Rudolfa II. p\u016fsobili v Praze, doporu\u010dujeme nav\u0161t\u00edvit st\u00e1lou expozici N\u00e1rodn\u00ed Galerie Prahy. Konktr\u00e9tn\u011b v budov\u00e1ch \u0160ternbersk\u00e9ho a Schwarzenbersk\u00e9ho pal\u00e1ce na Hrad\u010dansk\u00e9m n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edla Bartholomeuse Sprangera m\u00e1te mo\u017enost spat\u0159it na vlastn\u00ed o\u010di v N\u00e1rodn\u00ed Galerii. Zdroj: Wikipedia<\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kdy\u017e se v roce 1583 rozhodl rakousk\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 Rudolf II p\u0159es\u00eddlit z V\u00eddn\u011b do Prahy, byl to prvn\u00ed n\u00e1znak jeho dnes ji\u017e charakteristick\u00e9 nekonven\u010dnosti. Rudolf byl jin\u00fd ve v\u0161em – v obl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u00ed\u0159e v magii, ale i v nad\u0161en\u00ed pro v\u011bdu a um\u011bn\u00ed. P\u0159ipome\u0148me si, co dobr\u00e9ho, zl\u00e9ho a \u0161\u00edlen\u00e9ho po tomto ikonick\u00e9m panovn\u00edkovi z\u016fstalo. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":14658,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[42,43,41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14656","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pro-pedagogy","category-pro-studenty","category-pro-verejnost"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14656","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14656"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14656\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14697,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14656\/revisions\/14697"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14658"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14656"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14656"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14656"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}