{"id":14465,"date":"2023-11-24T10:29:06","date_gmt":"2023-11-24T09:29:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=14465"},"modified":"2023-11-26T17:45:39","modified_gmt":"2023-11-26T16:45:39","slug":"hynku-vileme-jarmilo-listopad-se-nese-ve-znameni-karla-hynka-machy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=14465","title":{"rendered":"Hynku, Vil\u00e9me, Jarmilo! Listopad se nese ve znamen\u00ed Karla Hynka M\u00e1chy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Karla Hynka M\u00e1chu si automaticky spoj\u00edme s jeho nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm d\u00edlem – lyrickoepickou skladbou (tzv. Po\u00e9mou) M\u00e1j. Zde v\u011bt\u0161inou na\u0161e znalosti kon\u010d\u00ed, v\u00edc jsme se o n\u011bm ve \u0161kole nedozv\u011bd\u011bli. P\u0159esto byl M\u00e1cha zaj\u00edmavou, atypickou osobnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 \u017eila uv\u011bzn\u011bna ve sv\u00fdch romantick\u00fdch ide\u00e1lech a p\u0159edstav\u00e1ch. Kdy jindy si p\u0159ipomenout, kdo vlastn\u011b M\u00e1cha byl, ne\u017e v listopadu, kdy si p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me jak jeho narozeniny, tak i datum \u00famrt\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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Ilustrace M\u00e1je od Cyrila Boudy zdroj: Instagram @fisherlibrary<\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Ml\u00e1d\u00ed a d\u011btstv\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1cha se narodil 16. listopadu roku 1810 v dom\u011b u B\u00edl\u00e9ho orla na pra\u017esk\u00e9m \u00dajezd\u011b. B\u011bhem d\u011btstv\u00ed se musel n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t se svoj\u00ed rodinou st\u011bhovat, a to do st\u00e1le chud\u0161\u00edch \u010dtvrt\u00ed. Spisovatel Karel Sabina l\u00ed\u010d\u00ed mal\u00e9ho Ign\u00e1ce (tak se p\u016fvodn\u011b M\u00e1cha jmenoval) jako divok\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 bylo pro ka\u017edou \u0161patnost. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jedn\u00edm z m\u00edst, kam se M\u00e1cha s rodinou p\u0159est\u011bhoval byla Ml\u00fdnsk\u00e1 ulice pobl\u00ed\u017e kostela sv. Petra kde pom\u00e1hal zvonit. Jednou se rozhodl, \u017ee na zvon vyleze, to ale neskon\u010dilo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dob\u0159e, M\u00e1cha toti\u017e spadl a rozseknul si nado\u010dnicov\u00fd oblouk. Jizva po tomto netradi\u010dn\u00edm uli\u010dnick\u00e9m kousku mu zdobila tv\u00e1\u0159 po cel\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Z\u00e1pis v matrice narozen\u00fdch. Zdroj: Wikimedia Commons<\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Doba studi\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ji\u017e jako student gymn\u00e1zia se Ign\u00e1c M\u00e1cha zaj\u00edmal o literaturu, ve stejn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed se za\u010daly rodit jeho prvn\u00ed spisovatelsk\u00e9 pokusy. Zprvu byl ovlivn\u011bn J. W. Goethem, r\u00e1d \u010detl historick\u00e9 rom\u00e1ny. Po dokon\u010den\u00ed gymn\u00e1zia studoval Filozofickou fakultu na Univerzit\u011b Karlov\u011b, kde se sezn\u00e1mil s dal\u0161\u00edmi autory, z nich\u017e se M\u00e1cha nejv\u00edce za\u010detl do George G. Byrona. Na n\u011bj ve sv\u00e9 tvorb\u011b ur\u010dit\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem navazuje. D\u00edky sv\u00fdm studi\u00edm se tak\u00e9 potkal s Josefem Jungmannem, kter\u00fd v n\u011bm za\u017eehl vlasteneckou jiskru. I to byl jeden z d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d se rozhodl Ign\u00e1ce po\u010de\u0161tit na Hynka, a k tomu je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159idal Karla. B\u011bhem studi\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed tak\u00e9 k z\u00e1sadn\u00ed p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b jeho osobnosti a st\u00e1v\u00e1 se z n\u011bj \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l ti\u0161\u0161\u00ed a uzav\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk. <\/p>\n\n\n

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Litografie grafika Franti\u0161ka \u0160\u00edra. Zdroj: Wikimedia Commons<\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

M\u00e1cha v roli cestovatele<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Se samot\u00e1\u0159skou povahou se poj\u00ed tak\u00e9 M\u00e1chovy toulky. U\u017e jako vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00fd student podnikal (\u010dasto v no\u010dn\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch) v\u00fdpravy na romantick\u00e1 m\u00edsta spojen\u00e1 s histori\u00ed, z nich\u017e nejrad\u011bji m\u011bl hrady. Z M\u00e1chy se st\u00e1v\u00e1 jeho vlastn\u00ed romantick\u00fd ide\u00e1l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roce 1833 podnikl krkono\u0161skou pou\u0165, na motivy t\u00e9to v\u00fdpravy pak vzniklo prozaick\u00e9 d\u00edlo Pou\u0165 krkono\u0161sk\u00e1, kter\u00e1 je pln\u00e1 filozofick\u00fdch \u00favah o smrti. Jeho cestovatelsk\u00e1 \u201ekari\u00e9ra\u201c pak vrchol\u00ed v\u00fdpravou do Ben\u00e1tek, kter\u00e1 byla opravdu n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 (\u0161el p\u0159es Alpy), trvala dohromady 6 t\u00fddn\u016f a n\u011bkdy M\u00e1cha u\u0161el i 60 kilometr\u016f denn\u011b. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Byly to pr\u00e1v\u011b jeho v\u00fdpravy, kter\u00e9 mu poskytly inspiraci v jeho tvorb\u011b- a\u0165 u\u017e jde o kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 pr\u00f3zy Ve\u010der na Bezd\u011bzu, M\u00e1rinka, nebo historickou tetralogii K\u0159ivoklad.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Hrad Hazmburk, kresba Karla Hynka M\u00e1chy. Zdroj: Wikipedia<\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Den\u00edky pln\u00e9 \u0161ifer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sv\u00e9 cesty si M\u00e1cha pe\u010dliv\u011b zaznamen\u00e1val do sv\u00fdch den\u00edk\u016f. V\u0161echny osobn\u00ed a snad a\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 soukrom\u00e9 informace si ale preventivn\u011b za\u0161ifroval. \u0160el dokonce tak daleko, \u017ee si vytvo\u0159il svoji vlastn\u00ed abecedu. T\u011b\u017eko \u0159\u00edct, zda na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, nebo nane\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, ale nad\u0161en\u00fd M\u00e1ch\u016fv obdivovatel, spisovatel Jakub Arbes \u0161ifru nakonec p\u0159eci jen rozlu\u0161til. Zajist\u00e9 tak \u010dinil v dom\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee si po\u010dte o zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch post\u0159ez\u00edch sv\u00e9ho idolu. Nemohl se m\u00fdlit v\u00edce, nebo\u0165 to, co v den\u00edc\u00edch na\u0161el, uk\u00e1zalo tajemn\u00e9ho intelektu\u00e1la M\u00e1chu v naprosto jin\u00e9m, pram\u00e1lo lichotiv\u00e9m sv\u011btle. Tehdej\u0161\u00ed, ani sou\u010dasn\u00e9 bojovnice za \u017eensk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va by rozhodn\u011b radost\u00ed nesk\u00e1kaly, \u010dlov\u011bk se jim ale v\u016fbec nediv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Ne)man\u017eelstv\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dokonal\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem toho, jak se M\u00e1cha choval k \u017een\u00e1m byla jeho posledn\u00ed zn\u00e1most, Lori \u0160omkov\u00e1. B\u011bhem prvn\u00edho p\u016fl roku vztahu v\u0161e kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 vyprchalo a to, co zbylo se nejv\u00edc podobalo no\u010dn\u00ed m\u016f\u0159e. M\u00e1cha Lori fyzicky i psychicky t\u00fdral, nemohla se u\u017e ani sama rozhodnout, co si vezme na sebe, nebo s k\u00fdm se bude st\u00fdkat. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b Lori ot\u011bhotn\u011bla, a tak si ji Karel Hynek rozhodl vz\u00edt. Svatba byla napl\u00e1nov\u00e1na na 8. listopad roku 1836. Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm se s n\u00ed a s d\u00edt\u011btem rozhodl p\u0159est\u011bhovat do Litom\u011b\u0159ic a za\u010d\u00edt \u201enanovo\u201c. Dva t\u00fddny p\u0159ed svatbou podnikl svoji posledn\u00ed cestu, na Radob\u00fdl. <\/p>\n\n\n

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Ilustrace M\u00e1je od grafika Pavla \u0160imona. Zdroj: Instagram @la.belle.otero<\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Ta se mu toti\u017e stala osudnou. Kdy\u017e v ned\u011bli 23. \u0159\u00edjna 1836 M\u00e1cha sed\u011bl na Radob\u00fdlu, p\u0159em\u00edtal o \u017eivot\u011b a dokon\u010doval sv\u00e9 posledn\u00ed d\u00edlo, zpozoroval po\u017e\u00e1r, kter\u00fd vypukl v Litom\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch. Ob\u011btav\u00fd M\u00e1cha dob\u011bhl do Litom\u011b\u0159ic a ihned se zapojil do ha\u0161en\u00ed vznikl\u00e9ho po\u017e\u00e1ru. Pravd\u011bpodobnou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou smrti byla infekce, jej\u00ed\u017e zdrojem byla kontaminovan\u00e1 voda, kterou jednak pil, aby zahnal \u017e\u00edze\u0148, ale tak\u00e9 hasil po\u017e\u00e1r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1cha zem\u0159el 6. listopadu 1836. Poh\u0159eb se konal o dva dny pozd\u011bji, tedy v den, kdy si m\u011bl br\u00e1t Lori \u0160omkovou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak \u2013 a lze v\u016fbec \u2013 M\u00e1chu hodnotit?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na tuto ot\u00e1zku nezle jednozna\u010dn\u011b odpov\u011bd\u011bt. Na jedn\u00e9 misce vah je M\u00e1chovo tragick\u00e9 zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s \u017eenami, cholerick\u00e9 v\u00fdlevy nad rakv\u00ed Loriiny matky. Na druhou stranu tu m\u00e1me solidaritu a ob\u011btavost\u2013a\u0165 u\u017e s polsk\u00fdmi uprchl\u00edky (ve t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch letech do\u0161lo v Polsku k povst\u00e1n\u00ed proti rusk\u00e9 nadvl\u00e1d\u011b), pro n\u011b\u017e uspo\u0159\u00e1dal sb\u00edrku, obstaral doporu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed dopisy do zahrani\u010d\u00ed (co\u017e na\u0161eho romantick\u00e9ho hrdinu mohlo dostat do v\u011bzen\u00ed), nebo i zmi\u0148ovan\u00e1 v\u00fdpomoc p\u0159i litom\u011b\u0159ick\u00e9m po\u017e\u00e1ru. A v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b nesm\u00edme zapomenout na obrovsk\u00fd liter\u00e1rn\u00ed odkaz, ze kter\u00e9ho \u010desk\u00e1 literatura \u017eije dodnes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Karla Hynka M\u00e1chu si automaticky spoj\u00edme s jeho nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm d\u00edlem – lyrickoepickou skladbou (tzv. Po\u00e9mou) M\u00e1j. Zde v\u011bt\u0161inou na\u0161e znalosti kon\u010d\u00ed, v\u00edc jsme se o n\u011bm ve \u0161kole nedozv\u011bd\u011bli. P\u0159esto byl M\u00e1cha zaj\u00edmavou, atypickou osobnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 \u017eila uv\u011bzn\u011bna ve sv\u00fdch romantick\u00fdch ide\u00e1lech a p\u0159edstav\u00e1ch. Kdy jindy si p\u0159ipomenout, kdo vlastn\u011b M\u00e1cha byl, ne\u017e v listopadu, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":14469,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[62,109,51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14465","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-kultura","category-spolecnost"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14465","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14465"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14465\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14500,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14465\/revisions\/14500"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14469"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14465"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14465"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14465"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}