{"id":13662,"date":"2023-10-07T17:05:05","date_gmt":"2023-10-07T15:05:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=13662"},"modified":"2023-10-07T17:05:07","modified_gmt":"2023-10-07T15:05:07","slug":"vzdelavaci-kurz-ctenim-a-psanim-ke-kritickemu-mysleni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=13662","title":{"rendered":"Vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed kurz \u010cten\u00edm a psan\u00edm ke kritick\u00e9mu my\u0161len\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Kritick\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed je schopnost aktivn\u011b a kriticky analyzovat a vyhodnocovat informace za \u00fa\u010delem posouzen\u00ed informac\u00ed, zdroj\u016f a argument\u016f a vyvozen\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho z\u00e1v\u011bru na z\u00e1klad\u011b dostupn\u00fdch d\u016fkaz\u016f. Ovl\u00e1dat toto um\u011bn\u00ed je nezbytnost\u00ed pro ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot, zejm\u00e9na v&nbsp;dob\u011b informa\u010dn\u00edho p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed a post-faktick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Jak v\u0161ak takovou schopnost vyu\u010dovat? Kurz \u010cten\u00edm a psan\u00edm ke kritick\u00e9mu my\u0161len\u00ed se pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u00edmto zab\u00fdv\u00e1.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201eTento vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed program p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed u\u010ditel\u016fm na v\u0161ech stupn\u00edch vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed praktick\u00e9 metody, techniky a strategie\u00a0sestaven\u00e9 v otev\u0159en\u00fd, ale prov\u00e1zan\u00fd celek, v\u00a0efektivn\u00ed syst\u00e9m velmi\u00a0snadno pou\u017eiteln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edmo ve \u0161kole. Program s\u00e1m neklade d\u016fraz na pedagogick\u00e9, psychologick\u00e9 \u010di liter\u00e1rn\u00ed teoretick\u00e9 poznatky, p\u0159esto\u017ee je na jejich z\u00e1kladu postaven, ale\u00a0zd\u016fraz\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 pro\u017eit\u00ed u\u010debn\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed a jejich n\u00e1slednou anal\u00fdzu,\u201c <\/strong>stoj\u00ed na internetov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch programu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kurz pracuje s\u00a0takzvan\u00fdm t\u0159\u00edf\u00e1zov\u00fdm cyklem u\u010den\u00ed. Podle toho stoj\u00ed samostatnost a zv\u00eddavost \u017e\u00e1k\u016f n t\u0159ech pil\u00ed\u0159\u00edch. Za prv\u00e9 mus\u00ed um\u011bt slovy vyj\u00e1d\u0159it co si mysl\u00ed, co v\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 co naopak nev\u00ed. Tomuto bodu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1<strong> evokace. <\/strong>Za druh\u00e9 si mus\u00ed<strong> uv\u011bdomit v\u00fdznam <\/strong>t\u011bch informac\u00ed, tedy b\u00fdt schopen n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem reagovat na p\u0159\u00edpadnou konfrontaci. A za t\u0159et\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 um\u011bt si z\u00a0t\u00e9to konfrontace n\u011bco odn\u00e9st a nechat se obohatit, tedy schopnost <strong>reflexe.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b osvojen\u00ed si t\u00e9to pedagogick\u00e9 techniky mohou u\u010ditel\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1ky v\u00e9st nejen k\u00a0prohlouben\u00ed kritick\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 ke schopnosti v\u00e9st dialog. D\u016fraz z\u00e1rove\u0148 kladou na praktick\u00e9 pro\u017eit\u00ed prob\u00edran\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, co\u017e \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm pom\u016f\u017ee l\u00e9pe pochopit o, \u010dem se dialog vlastn\u011b vede a skrze osobn\u00ed pro\u017eitek tak sami naj\u00edt argumenty pro p\u0159\u00edpadnou diskusi v\u00a0dan\u00e9 problematice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Jak to vzniklo?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201eProgram RWCT (Reading and Writing for Critical Thinking) neboli \u010cten\u00edm a psan\u00edm ke kritick\u00e9mu my\u0161len\u00ed byl vyvinut v USA a mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b spu\u0161t\u011bn v roce 1997. Program vyvinulo\u00a0Consorcium for Democratic Pedagogy, jeho\u017e \u010dleny jsou University of Northern Iowa, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Orava Association \u2013 Projekt Orava, International Reading Association (IRA). Podpora m\u00ed\u0159ila zejm\u00e9na do zem\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy, kter\u00e9 se st\u00e1le vyrovn\u00e1valy s dopady mnoha let nesvobody v komunistick\u00e9m re\u017eimu. C\u00edlem programu bylo a je rozv\u00edjet demokracii a ob\u010danskou spole\u010dnost, a to prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm rozvoje kritick\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b to bylo a je v dob\u00e1ch nesvobody potla\u010dov\u00e1no nejv\u00edc,\u201c <\/strong>stoj\u00ed na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch projektu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00a0\u010cesku program funguje od roku 2000, kdy Hana Ko\u0161\u0165\u00e1lov\u00e1 a Ond\u0159ej Jasenblas zalo\u017eili<strong> ob\u010dansk\u00e9 sdru\u017een\u00ed Kritick\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed, <\/strong>kter\u00e9 od t\u00e9 doby pe\u010duje o rozvoj programu v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice a slou\u017e\u00ed jako koordina\u010dn\u00ed centrum RWCT.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kritick\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed je schopnost aktivn\u011b a kriticky analyzovat a vyhodnocovat informace za \u00fa\u010delem posouzen\u00ed informac\u00ed, zdroj\u016f a argument\u016f a vyvozen\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho z\u00e1v\u011bru na z\u00e1klad\u011b dostupn\u00fdch d\u016fkaz\u016f. Ovl\u00e1dat toto um\u011bn\u00ed je nezbytnost\u00ed pro ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot, zejm\u00e9na v&nbsp;dob\u011b informa\u010dn\u00edho p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed a post-faktick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Jak v\u0161ak takovou schopnost vyu\u010dovat? Kurz \u010cten\u00edm a psan\u00edm ke kritick\u00e9mu my\u0161len\u00ed se pr\u00e1v\u011b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":13048,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[42,149,41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13662","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pro-pedagogy","category-pro-reditele-skol","category-pro-verejnost"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13662","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13662"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13662\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13668,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13662\/revisions\/13668"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13048"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13662"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13662"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13662"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}