{"id":13300,"date":"2023-10-12T15:14:18","date_gmt":"2023-10-12T13:14:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=13300"},"modified":"2023-10-12T15:14:20","modified_gmt":"2023-10-12T13:14:20","slug":"neuspech-%e2%89%a0-nepritel-proc-delat-chyby-a-naucit-se-s-nimi-pracovat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=13300","title":{"rendered":"Ne\u00fasp\u011bch \u2260 nep\u0159\u00edtel: Pro\u010d d\u011blat chyby a nau\u010dit se s nimi pracovat"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>V\u00fdrok \u201c<em>chybami se \u010dlov\u011bk u\u010d\u00ed<\/em>\u201d berou mnoz\u00ed jako pouhou fr\u00e1zi ur\u010denou k&nbsp;ukonej\u0161en\u00ed smutku z&nbsp;nezdaru. Pravdivost tohoto r\u010den\u00ed je ov\u0161em v\u011bdecky podlo\u017eena. V&nbsp;tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se dozv\u00edte, pro\u010d je ne\u00fasp\u011bch prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd a nezbytn\u00fd k&nbsp;dosahov\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161ich c\u00edl\u016f.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle v\u011bdce Dashuna Wanga a jeho koleg\u016f na Northwestern University je ne\u00fasp\u011bch \u201cz\u00e1kladn\u00edm p\u0159edpokladem \u00fasp\u011bchu\u201d. Podle Wanga \u201cza\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00edt\u011bz jako pora\u017een\u00fd\u201d, ne z ka\u017ed\u00e9ho ne\u00fasp\u011bchu se ov\u0161em zrod\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch. V \u010dem je tedy rozd\u00edl mezi \u201edobr\u00fdm\u201c a \u201e\u0161patn\u00fdm\u201c ne\u00fasp\u011bchem?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wang odm\u00edt\u00e1 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enou miskoncepci, \u017ee rozd\u00edl mezi v\u00edt\u011bzi a pora\u017een\u00fdmi tkv\u00ed ve vytrvalosti, zjistil toti\u017e, \u017ee ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00ed lid\u00e9 v\u011bnuj\u00ed dosa\u017een\u00ed sv\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f \u010dasto stejn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u010dasu, jako ti \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00ed. Vytrvalost sama o sob\u011b nesta\u010d\u00ed, je nutn\u00e9 se z\u00e1rove\u0148 pou\u010dit ze sv\u00fdch p\u0159edchoz\u00edch ne\u00fasp\u011bch\u016f.\u00a0<em>\u201e<\/em><strong>Kl\u00ed\u010dem je p\u0159ij\u00edt na to, co fungovalo a co ne, a zam\u011b\u0159it se na to, co je t\u0159eba zlep\u0161it, m\u00edsto toho, abychom to m\u011bnili cel\u00e9\u2026 Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed neusp\u011bli, nemuseli nutn\u011b pracovat m\u00e9n\u011b. Ve skute\u010dnosti mohli pracovat v\u00edce, jen ud\u011blali v\u00edce zbyte\u010dn\u00fdch krok\u016f,\u201c<\/strong><em>\u00a0<\/em>dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Wang.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Chyby jsou cestou k dokonalosti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rol\u00ed ne\u00fasp\u011bchu p\u0159i cest\u011b za \u00fasp\u011bchem se zab\u00fdvali tak\u00e9 Dr. Emmanuel Manalo a Dr. Manu Kapur, kte\u0159\u00ed ve speci\u00e1ln\u00edm \u010d\u00edsle\u00a0den\u00edku\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/journal\/thinking-skills-and-creativity\/vol\/30\/suppl\/C\">Thinking Skills and Creativity<\/a>\u00a0p\u0159edstavili studie, kter\u00e9 u\u010ditel\u016fm a dal\u0161\u00edm pracovn\u00edk\u016fm v\u00a0oboru \u0161kolstv\u00ed poskytuj\u00ed n\u00e1vod, jak dos\u00e1hnout \u00fasp\u011bchu ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Jedna z\u00a0t\u011bchto studi\u00ed ukazuje, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm d\u0159\u00edve a \u010dast\u011bji studenti v\u00a0dan\u00e9 v\u011bci poho\u0159\u00ed, t\u00edm d\u0159\u00edve se v\u00a0n\u00ed zdokonal\u00ed. Podle dal\u0161\u00ed je zp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba jako reakce na selh\u00e1n\u00ed nejkonstruktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, pokud je pod\u00e1v\u00e1na starostliv\u00fdm, mil\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je v\u011bd\u011bt, jak c\u00edle dos\u00e1hnout <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Manalo a Kapur p\u0159edstavili tak\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed studii, kter\u00e1 se v\u011bnuje vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se s&nbsp;ka\u017edodenn\u00edm ne\u00fasp\u011bchem. V&nbsp;t\u00e9 pov\u011b\u0159ili 131 vysoko\u0161kol\u00e1k\u016f naps\u00e1n\u00edm eseje o sv\u00fdch \u0161koln\u00edch zku\u0161enostech. Polovin\u011b p\u0159itom byly zad\u00e1ny p\u0159esn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na strukturu eseje, druh\u00e1 polovina mohla ps\u00e1t libovoln\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. V\u0161ichni z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00ed byli ov\u0161em p\u0159eru\u0161eni, ne\u017e sta\u010dili esej dopsat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Studie uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee studenti s\u00a0pevn\u00fdm zad\u00e1n\u00edm byli v\u00edce motivovan\u00ed esej dokon\u010dit bez ohledu na to, kolik slov jim zb\u00fdvalo dopsat. Z\u00a0toho Manalo a Kapur usuzuj\u00ed, \u017ee je podstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bt jak c\u00edle dos\u00e1hnout, ne\u017e b\u00fdt kousek od jeho dosa\u017een\u00ed. Tento jev v\u011bdci naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed<strong> \u201eHemingway\u016fv efekt\u201c <\/strong>podle spisovatele Ernesta Hemingwaye, kter\u00fd odm\u00edtal psan\u00ed p\u0159eru\u0161it, pokud nev\u011bd\u011bl, co se v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edbehu bude d\u00edt jako dal\u0161\u00ed, aby se nap\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b vyhnul situaci, kdy by nev\u011bd\u011bl, co ps\u00e1t.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ne\u00fasp\u011bch je jen sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed procesu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle Manala je pro dosa\u017een\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchu, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nau\u010dit se sm\u00ed\u0159it a pracovat s\u00a0do\u010dasn\u00fdmi ne\u00fasp\u011bchy.\u00a0Detabuizace ne\u00fasp\u011bchu ve v\u00fduce je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 i podle Stephanie Couch, v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 \u0159editelky\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lemelson.mit.edu\/\">Lemelson-MIT programu<\/a>. <strong>\u201eNe\u00fasp\u011bch bychom m\u011bli br\u00e1t jako sou\u010d\u00e1st procesu vedouc\u00edho k\u00a0\u00fasp\u011bchu,\u201c <\/strong>\u0159\u00edk\u00e1.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u017e se v\u00e1m tedy p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco nepoda\u0159\u00ed, vzpome\u0148te si, \u017ee ne\u00fasp\u011bch m\u016f\u017eete, se spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem, vyu\u017e\u00edt ve sv\u016fj prosp\u011bch!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00fdrok \u201cchybami se \u010dlov\u011bk u\u010d\u00ed\u201d berou mnoz\u00ed jako pouhou fr\u00e1zi ur\u010denou k&nbsp;ukonej\u0161en\u00ed smutku z&nbsp;nezdaru. Pravdivost tohoto r\u010den\u00ed je ov\u0161em v\u011bdecky podlo\u017eena. V&nbsp;tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se dozv\u00edte, pro\u010d je ne\u00fasp\u011bch prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd a nezbytn\u00fd k&nbsp;dosahov\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161ich c\u00edl\u016f.&nbsp;&nbsp; Podle v\u011bdce Dashuna Wanga a jeho koleg\u016f na Northwestern University je ne\u00fasp\u011bch \u201cz\u00e1kladn\u00edm p\u0159edpokladem \u00fasp\u011bchu\u201d. Podle Wanga \u201cza\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00edt\u011bz jako [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":13059,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[42,43,41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13300","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pro-pedagogy","category-pro-studenty","category-pro-verejnost"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13300","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/38"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13300"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13300\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13780,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13300\/revisions\/13780"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13059"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13300"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13300"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13300"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}