{"id":12810,"date":"2023-09-02T09:12:00","date_gmt":"2023-09-02T07:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=12810"},"modified":"2023-08-30T13:19:10","modified_gmt":"2023-08-30T11:19:10","slug":"milan-kundera-tipy-na-cetbu-nejen-k-maturite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=12810","title":{"rendered":"Milan Kundera: Tipy na \u010detbu (nejen) k\u00a0maturit\u011b."},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Francouzsk\u00fd spisovatel \u010desk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu. Milan Kundera, autor rom\u00e1n\u016f, pov\u00eddek, esej\u00ed, teori\u00ed rom\u00e1nu nebo t\u0159eba teoretick\u00fdch publikac\u00ed. Je zn\u00e1m\u00fd p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro svou skv\u011blou pr\u00e1ci se z\u00e1sadn\u00edmi existenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi t\u00e9maty jako jsou l\u00e1ska, \u017eivot a jeho smysl nebo lidsk\u00e1 identita. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autenticita tohoto \u010desk\u00e9ho autora spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee jeho d\u00edlo (pr\u00f3zu) m\u016f\u017eeme \u010d\u00edst hned v n\u011bkolika rovin\u00e1ch. M\u016f\u017eeme se nechat un\u00e1\u0161et zaj\u00edmav\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy pln\u00fdch zvrat\u016f a ne\u010dekan\u00fdch rozuzlen\u00ed, m\u00e1me mo\u017enost hledat nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sarkastick\u00e9 politick\u00e9 nar\u00e1\u017eky a d\u00edky tomu vy\u010d\u00edst Kunderovy postoje. A v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o filozofick\u00fdch podn\u011btech, kter\u00fdch jsou Kunderovy knihy pln\u00e9. Jak ale Kunderu co nejl\u00e9pe uchopit, kter\u00fdm d\u00edlem za\u010d\u00edt a jak\u00e1 by m\u011bla b\u00fdt va\u0161e maturitn\u00ed strategie?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maturitn\u00ed strategie<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jeliko\u017e se Milan Kundera \u0159ad\u00ed k\u00a0t\u011bm\u00a0nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm spisovatel\u016fm z\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny, je tu vysok\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee se ve va\u0161em seznamu maturitn\u00ed \u010detby objev\u00ed hned n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t. V\u0159ele v\u00e1m doporu\u010duji si vybrat od Kundery rovnou dv\u011b d\u00edla. Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee Kunderovy knihy maj\u00ed spoustu spole\u010dn\u00fdch motiv\u016f a t\u00e9mat, u\u0161et\u0159\u00edte t\u00edm \u010das a zefektivn\u00edte p\u0159\u00edpravu k\u00a0maturit\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Elisa Cabot<\/a>\u00a0\/ Wikimedia Commons<\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Celkov\u011b m\u016f\u017eeme charakterizovat Kunderovu pr\u00f3zu jako filozoficky lad\u011bnou, plnou ironie, z\u00e1rove\u0148 ale nab\u00edz\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016fm hlubok\u00e9 my\u0161lenky o lidsk\u00e9 existenci nebo o mezilidsk\u00fdch vztaz\u00edch. Mezi nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Kunderovsk\u00e9 znaky pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ironie a absurdita<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kundera \u010dasto uv\u00e1d\u00ed svoje postavy do tragikomick\u00fdch, absurdn\u00edch situac\u00ed. S t\u00edm jsou tak\u00e9 spojeny ne\u010dekan\u00e9 zvraty v d\u011bji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mezilidsk\u00e9 vztahy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm frekventovan\u00fdm motivem, kter\u00fd se objevuje v\u00a0Kunderov\u00fdch kn\u00ed\u017ek\u00e1ch, jsou vztahy. A\u0165 ty romantick\u00e9, p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 nebo rodinn\u00e9. Sv\u00e9 sondy do lidsk\u00fdch du\u0161\u00ed Kundera \u010dasto doprov\u00e1z\u00ed sarkasmem a ironi\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Motiv (\u010dasto ztracen\u00e9) identity<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prom\u011bny identity a charakteru postav mnohokr\u00e1t vedou k\u00a0dramatick\u00fdm ud\u00e1lostem a obr\u00e1cen\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sm\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 L\u00e1sky<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pokud se chyst\u00e1te k\u00a0\u010detb\u011b sv\u00e9ho prvn\u00edho ,,Kundery\u2018\u2018, tou nejlep\u0161\u00ed knihou, se kterou za\u010d\u00edt, je jednozna\u010dn\u011b se\u0161it Sm\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch l\u00e1sek. Jedn\u00e1 se o Kunderovu prvotinu, kter\u00e1 mu p\u0159inesla pozornost liter\u00e1rn\u00edch kruh\u016f. Sm\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 l\u00e1sky se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z\u00a0osmi pov\u00eddek – osmi sm\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch l\u00e1sek. Lehce si v\u00a0n\u00ed hraje s\u00a0t\u00e9maty a my\u0161lenkami, ke kter\u00fdm se pozd\u011bji ve sv\u00fdch rom\u00e1nech vrac\u00ed, aby je zcela rozvinul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kundera ve Sm\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch l\u00e1sk\u00e1ch nahl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na l\u00e1sku ze v\u0161ech \u00fahl\u016f pohledu. Hled\u00e1 v\u00a0n\u00ed kr\u00e1su, naivitu ale i konflikt a nostalgii. Na rozd\u00edl od \u017dertu a Nesnesiteln\u00e9 lehkosti byt\u00ed maj\u00ed Sm\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 l\u00e1sky v\u00fdrazn\u00fd humoristick\u00fd t\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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zdroj fotografie: Instagram @lulucinax<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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zdoj fotografie: Instagram @baruhercikova<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u017dert<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0rom\u00e1n\u016f, kter\u00e9 \u010dasto nalezneme v\u00a0seznamech maturitn\u00ed \u010detby, je \u017dert. Jeden nevinn\u00fd \u017eert, kter\u00fd hlavn\u00edmu protagonistovi obr\u00e1t\u00ed \u017eivot vzh\u016fru nohama. Je mo\u017en\u00e9, aby se ironie stala v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm politick\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem? V\u00a0\u010ceskoslovensku 60. let ano. Kniha dokonale vykresluje atmosf\u00e9ru normalizace a zpochyb\u0148uje v\u00fdznam lidsk\u00fdch \u010din\u016f v\u00a0takto absurdn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. V\u00a0\u017dertu je oproti dal\u0161\u00edm Kunderov\u00fdm rom\u00e1n\u016fm kladen velk\u00fd d\u016fraz na politick\u00fd kontext totality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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zdroj fotografie: Instagram @thebookprizes<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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zdroj fotografie: Knihy Dobrovsk\u00fd<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nesnesiteln\u00e1 lehkost byt\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm z\u00a0Kunderov\u00fdch d\u011bl, kter\u00e9 obvykle b\u00fdv\u00e1 maturitn\u00ed \u010detbou, je Nesnesiteln\u00e1 lehkost byt\u00ed. Jeho d\u011bj se to\u010d\u00ed kolem vztah\u016f mezi t\u0159emi hlavn\u00edmi postavami, jejich hled\u00e1n\u00ed identity a smyslu \u017eivota. Tom\u00e1\u0161 je zast\u00e1nce lehkosti byt\u00ed, hled\u00e1 nez\u00e1vazn\u00e9 vztahy, zat\u00edmco jeho \u017eena vyzn\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u00edhu byt\u00ed a sna\u017e\u00ed se ukotvit v\u00a0trval\u00e9m, v\u011brn\u00e9m vztahu. A pak tu je um\u011blkyn\u011b Sabina, kter\u00e1 sd\u00edl\u00ed Tom\u00e1\u0161\u016fv pohled na sv\u011bt. N\u00e1hoda, volby hlavn\u00edch postav a politick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti zam\u00edchaj\u00ed \u017eivoty v\u0161em, v\u010detn\u011b protagonist\u016f Kunderova rom\u00e1nu. Z\u00e1pletka rom\u00e1nu se prol\u00edn\u00e1 s\u00a0filozofick\u00fdmi \u00favahami a pro Kunderu typick\u00fdmi my\u0161lenkov\u00fdmi experimenty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Zdroj fotografi\u00ed zleva: Instagram @fromtimetotime.sk, Knihy Dobrovsk\u00fd<\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Zdroj \u00favodn\u00ed fotografie: Instagram @addictculture<\/sup><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Francouzsk\u00fd spisovatel \u010desk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu. Milan Kundera, autor rom\u00e1n\u016f, pov\u00eddek, esej\u00ed, teori\u00ed rom\u00e1nu nebo t\u0159eba teoretick\u00fdch publikac\u00ed. Je zn\u00e1m\u00fd p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro svou skv\u011blou pr\u00e1ci se z\u00e1sadn\u00edmi existenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi t\u00e9maty jako jsou l\u00e1ska, \u017eivot a jeho smysl nebo lidsk\u00e1 identita. Autenticita tohoto \u010desk\u00e9ho autora spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee jeho d\u00edlo (pr\u00f3zu) m\u016f\u017eeme \u010d\u00edst hned v n\u011bkolika rovin\u00e1ch. M\u016f\u017eeme se nechat un\u00e1\u0161et […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":12813,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12810","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pro-studenty"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12810","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12810"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12810\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12886,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12810\/revisions\/12886"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12813"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12810"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12810"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12810"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}