{"id":11116,"date":"2023-05-19T09:43:00","date_gmt":"2023-05-19T07:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=11116"},"modified":"2023-05-18T11:19:00","modified_gmt":"2023-05-18T09:19:00","slug":"finsko-uz-neni-velmoci-ve-skolstvi-co-se-zmenilo-ubira-se-cesko-stejnym-smerem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=11116","title":{"rendered":"Finsko u\u017e nen\u00ed velmoc\u00ed ve \u0161kolstv\u00ed. Co se zm\u011bnilo? Ub\u00edr\u00e1 se \u010cesko stejn\u00fdm sm\u011brem?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Finsko bylo dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm vzorem. Vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed syst\u00e9m t\u00e9to skandin\u00e1vsk\u00e9 zem\u011b byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za ten nejlep\u0161\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b a ostatn\u00ed zem\u011b se sna\u017eily p\u0159ij\u00edt na to, co d\u011blaj\u00ed jinak. I proto se tak do tohoto seversk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu sj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bly tis\u00edce pedagog\u016f z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017eili v\u00fduku na tamn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch okoukat. Nyn\u00ed se ale zd\u00e1, \u017ee v\u0161e bylo tak trochu zbyte\u010dn\u00e9. Seversk\u00e1 zem\u011b se toti\u017e zna\u010dn\u011b propadla a v\u00fdsledky finsk\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1k\u016f sklouzly do pr\u016fm\u011bru. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ji\u017e v roce 2018 se podle srovn\u00e1vac\u00edch test\u016f PISA, kter\u00e9 po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 Organizace pro hospod\u00e1\u0159skou spolupr\u00e1ci a rozvoj (OECD), za\u010dali Finov\u00e9 v nabit\u00fdch v\u011bdomostech ze \u0161kol propadat. A p\u00e1d st\u00e1le trv\u00e1. Fin\u0161t\u00ed \u0161kol\u00e1ci se nyn\u00ed pohybuj\u00ed v celosv\u011btov\u00e9m pr\u016fm\u011bru, co\u017e je pro dlouholetou sv\u011btovou \u0161pi\u010dku velik\u00fd \u0161ok. Odborn\u00edci to d\u00e1vaj\u00ed za vinu migraci a velk\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch osnov. Ty dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta st\u00e1ly na prvc\u00edch jako jsou rovnost, neform\u00e1ln\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, debatov\u00e1n\u00ed a aktivn\u00ed zapojov\u00e1n\u00ed se do v\u00fduky. Postupn\u011b ale ze \u0161koln\u00edch osnov z\u00e1k\u016f vymizely klasick\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Studenti v Helsink\u00e1ch i v Laponsku se tak m\u00edsto b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f v\u0161ichni u\u010d\u00ed, jak by mnoho lid\u00ed \u0159eklo, praktick\u00e9 dovednosti pro \u017eivot. Nebo tak\u00e9 ne. V hodin\u00e1ch se sna\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edt na to, jak by p\u0159e\u017eili bez vody nebo elekt\u0159iny, \u0161t\u00edpou d\u0159evo, k\u00e1c\u00ed stromy a vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed v\u011bci z pap\u00edru. To v\u0161e na \u00fakor klasick\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f jako je matematika, finsk\u00fd jazyk nebo t\u0159eba fyzika. <em>&#8222;U\u017e nejsme tou nejvzd\u011blan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zem\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b. Mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 se ji\u017e ne\u0159ad\u00ed mezi ty nejchyt\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed,&#8220; <\/em>okomentovala celou situaci pracovnice finsk\u00e9ho ministerstva \u0161kolstv\u00ed Anna Lehikoinen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mezi finsk\u00fdmi \u017e\u00e1ky zna\u010dn\u011b klesla rovnost, co\u017e se projevilo i v PISA testech, a na \u010dem\u017e si tamn\u00ed \u0161kolstv\u00ed nejv\u00edce zakl\u00e1dalo. Ve \u010dten\u00ed ale v t\u011bchto testech dopadla zem\u011b absolutn\u011b nejh\u016f\u0159e ze v\u0161ech testovan\u00fdch, co se t\u00fd\u010de rovnosti mezi pohlav\u00edmi. Velk\u00e9 rozd\u00edly jsou ale tak\u00e9 mezi studenty ze zaopat\u0159en\u00fdch rodin a studenty ze znev\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f p\u00e1du finsk\u00e9ho \u0161kolstv\u00ed je podle odborn\u00edk\u016f migrace. Po vzoru D\u00e1nska, \u0160v\u00e9dska i N\u011bmecka se v zemi za\u010dal d\u00edky velk\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edlivu migrant\u016f br\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed potaz na to, aby se nov\u011b p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed integrovali, co\u017e negativn\u00e9 ovliv\u0148ovalo v\u00fduku. \u0160koly jednodu\u0161e d\u00e1valy v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u016fraz za\u010dle\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed kvalitou v\u00fduky. To potvrdil i koordin\u00e1tor PISA test\u016f Michael Schleicher: <em>&#8222;Migrace velmi zas\u00e1hla finsk\u00fd vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed syst\u00e9m, na\u0161e \u0161kolstv\u00ed jednodu\u0161e nem\u011blo na takov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edliv migrant\u016f kapacity. Jako velk\u00fd probl\u00e9m se pak uk\u00e1zaly i kulturn\u00ed a jazykov\u00e9 odli\u0161nosti,&#8220;<\/em> nechal se sly\u0161et. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Za dal\u0161\u00ed obrovskou p\u0159\u00edt\u011b\u017e pro tamn\u00ed \u0161kolstv\u00ed je pova\u017eov\u00e1na i p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychl\u00e1 digitalizace. Ji\u017e od prvn\u00edch let ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci sv\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed elektronick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, pomoc\u00ed nich\u017e prob\u00edh\u00e1 v\u00fduka. Elektronika d\u011bti samoz\u0159ejm\u011b rozptyluje a m\u00edsto v\u00fduky se pak na sv\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u011bnuj\u00ed n\u011b\u010demu \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e9mu, sleduj\u00ed videa nebo hraj\u00ed hry.<em>\u00a0\u201e\u010c\u00edm v\u00edce se zapojily elektronick\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje do v\u00fduky, t\u00edm hor\u0161\u00ed byly vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed v\u00fdsledky ve v\u0161ech parametrech, kter\u00e9 hodnotily testy PISA,&#8220;<\/em> \u0159ekla finsk\u00e1 psycholo\u017eka Aino Saarinen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finsk\u00e9 ministerstvo \u0161kolstv\u00ed p\u0159itom v roce 2016 investovalo 50 milion\u016f euro ke \u0161kolen\u00ed u\u010ditel\u016f, je\u017e se m\u011bli nau\u010dit pou\u017e\u00edvat elektronick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje ve v\u00fduce. Stejn\u011b sm\u011b\u0159uje i \u010cesk\u00e1 republika s novou strategi\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed politiky, v n\u00ed\u017e jasn\u011b stoj\u00ed, \u017ee elektronick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje se maj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat ve v\u0161ech zp\u016fsobech v\u00fduky, od samotn\u00e9ho procesu vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e po hodnocen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1k\u016f a komunikaci s nimi. Dopadne \u010desk\u00e9 \u0161kolstv\u00ed stejn\u011b jako to finsk\u00e9? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Finsko bylo dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm vzorem. Vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed syst\u00e9m t\u00e9to skandin\u00e1vsk\u00e9 zem\u011b byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za ten nejlep\u0161\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b a ostatn\u00ed zem\u011b se sna\u017eily p\u0159ij\u00edt na to, co d\u011blaj\u00ed jinak. I proto se tak do tohoto seversk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu sj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bly tis\u00edce pedagog\u016f z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017eili v\u00fduku na tamn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch okoukat. Nyn\u00ed se ale zd\u00e1, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":11117,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[28,64,43,41,56,47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11116","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualne-ze-skolstvi","category-aktualni-deni","category-pro-studenty","category-pro-verejnost","category-problemy-ve-skolstvi","category-vzdelavani"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11116","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11116"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11116\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11131,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11116\/revisions\/11131"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11117"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11116"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11116"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11116"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}