{"id":10808,"date":"2023-05-14T09:04:00","date_gmt":"2023-05-14T07:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=10808"},"modified":"2023-05-14T11:27:26","modified_gmt":"2023-05-14T09:27:26","slug":"jak-zaridit-aby-se-dite-ve-skole-citilo-dobre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/?p=10808","title":{"rendered":"Jak za\u0159\u00eddit, aby se d\u00edt\u011b ve \u0161kole c\u00edtilo dob\u0159e?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0160kola je prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m d\u00edt\u011b tr\u00e1v\u00ed drtivou v\u011bt\u0161inu sv\u00e9ho dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edho \u017eivota. Jej\u00edm \u00fakolem, tedy \u00fakolem pedagoga, je d\u00edt\u011b vzd\u011bl\u00e1vat, ale tak\u00e9 vychov\u00e1vat. K tomu je pot\u0159eba p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vytvo\u0159it prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m se \u017e\u00e1k bude c\u00edtit dob\u0159e. Jak toho v\u0161ak dos\u00e1hnout a co je kl\u00ed\u010dem k \u201ewellbeingu\u201c nejen d\u011bt\u00ed, ale i u\u010ditele?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek vznikl na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky Lenky Felcmanov\u00e9 na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed konferenci Trauma respektuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup jako kl\u00ed\u010d podp\u016frn\u00e9mu prost\u0159ed\u00ed ve \u0161kole<\/em> organizace SOFA.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dem je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pochopit, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem se d\u011btsk\u00fd mozek li\u0161\u00ed od toho na\u0161eho. Ve zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9m pojet\u00ed se d\u00e1 mozek jako takov\u00fd rozd\u011blit na t\u0159i \u010d\u00e1sti \u2013 mozkovou k\u016fru, limbick\u00fd syst\u00e9m a kortex. Mozkov\u00e1 k\u016fra je zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za prvotn\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed stresov\u00e9 situace. Je autonomn\u00ed a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ji nelze v\u016fl\u00ed ovl\u00e1dat. Limbick\u00fd syst\u00e9m pot\u00e9 vyvol\u00e1 emo\u010dn\u00ed reakci. Kortex pom\u016f\u017ee tuto reakci usm\u011brnit a ovl\u00e1dat. Pokud je v\u0161ak stresov\u00e1 situace vysok\u00e1, do kortexu se ani nepust\u00ed, proto\u017ee je pro sebez\u00e1chovu d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 okam\u017eit\u00e1 reakce. Zde hraje roli pr\u00e1v\u011b rozd\u00edl mezi mozkem d\u00edt\u011bte a dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho. D\u011bti toti\u017e \u010dasto vn\u00edmaj\u00ed stresov\u00e9 situace daleko senzitivn\u011bji \u2013 proto reaguj\u00ed \u010dasto nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b, nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0podob\u011b hysterick\u00fdch z\u00e1chvat\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00edm, \u017ee m\u00e1me t\u0159i patra mozku, kter\u00e1 zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed stres, je pro jeho zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u0159eba uspokojovat jejich pot\u0159eby odspoda nahoru. K tomu n\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee tzv. Maslowova pyramida lidsk\u00fdch pot\u0159eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Autor: Dvorapa \u2013 Vlastn\u00ed d\u00edlo, CC BY-SA 4.0, https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=71558228<\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prvn\u00ed dv\u011b patra pyramidy, tedy fyziologick\u00e9 pot\u0159eby a pot\u0159eby bezpe\u010d\u00ed, stimuluj\u00ed nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed vrstvu, tedy pr\u00e1v\u011b mozkovou k\u016fru, kter\u00e1 je u d\u011bt\u00ed velmi senzitivn\u00ed na stresov\u00e9 podn\u011bty. Na tu je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 se soust\u0159edit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed fyziologick\u00e9 pot\u0159eby<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Naplnit tyto pot\u0159eby \u017e\u00e1ka pro u\u010ditele nen\u00ed tak slo\u017eit\u00e9. Je pouze t\u0159eba db\u00e1t na to, aby m\u011blo d\u00edt\u011b mo\u017enost dostate\u010dn\u011b dopl\u0148ovat tekutiny, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b prostor se naj\u00edst, pokud to nestihlo o p\u0159est\u00e1vce. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 vyhov\u011bt po\u017eadavk\u016fm odej\u00edt na toaletu podle pot\u0159eby. V letn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch je nutn\u00e9 db\u00e1t na pravideln\u00e9 v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed, v zim\u011b potom udr\u017eovat p\u0159\u00edjemnou teplotu. Co je d\u00e1le d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, av\u0161ak u\u017e ne tolik v sil\u00e1ch u\u010ditele, je d\u00edt\u011bti zajistit pohodln\u00e9 sezen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Velmi d\u016fle\u017eitou, av\u0161ak v \u010cesku opom\u00edjenou fyziologickou pot\u0159ebou, je tak\u00e9 dostatek senzomotorick\u00fdch aktivit. Pro d\u00edt\u011b nen\u00ed snadn\u00e9 sed\u011bt ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b 45 minut a nehybn\u011b d\u00e1vat pozor. Proto si \u010dasto hled\u00e1 stimulaci v r\u016fzn\u00fdch aktivit\u00e1ch, jako je poskakov\u00e1n\u00ed na \u017eidli, okusov\u00e1n\u00ed tu\u017eek, kous\u00e1n\u00ed neht\u016f a tak d\u00e1le. U\u010ditel v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee do v\u00fduky za\u0159adit r\u016fzn\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed stimuly. V l\u00e9t\u011b je nap\u0159\u00edklad dobr\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017eit podle mo\u017enost\u00ed hodiny venku. Pokud nelze j\u00edt ven, je dobr\u00e9 za\u0159adit alespo\u0148 n\u011bjak\u00fd pohyb do v\u00fduky. Mimo to jsou tak\u00e9 dostupn\u00e9 tzv. regula\u010dn\u00ed pom\u016fcky. Tyto typy \u201ehra\u010dek\u201c jsou popul\u00e1rn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad na norsk\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Jedn\u00e1 se nap\u0159\u00edklad o mas\u00e1\u017en\u00ed prst\u00fdnky, rehabilita\u010dn\u00ed podsed\u00e1ky, n\u00e1sady na tu\u017eky na kous\u00e1n\u00ed nebo z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00e9 deky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pot\u0159eby bezpe\u010d\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby d\u00edt\u011b v\u011bd\u011blo, \u017ee \u0161kola je m\u00edsto, kde se m\u016f\u017ee uvolnit a c\u00edtit bezpe\u010dn\u011b. U\u010ditel utvo\u0159en\u00ed takov\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee podpo\u0159it zaveden\u00edm pravidel. Ty jednak d\u00edt\u011bti dodaj\u00ed pocit ochrany, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 ho t\u00edm navykneme na jist\u00fd syt\u00e9m, od kter\u00e9ho v\u00ed, co o\u010dek\u00e1vat. Dodr\u017e\u00edm pravidla, dostanu pochvalu. Poru\u0161\u00edm pravidla, budu potrest\u00e1n. Tak\u00e9 by se m\u011bl \u017e\u00e1k v\u00e9st k tomu, aby byl adekv\u00e1tn\u011b p\u0159ipraven na zm\u011bnu. Ta v\u017edy p\u016fsob\u00ed jistou stresovou reakci. Je proto pot\u0159eba zajistit, aby m\u011bl pocit, \u017ee m\u00e1 v\u011bci st\u00e1le pod kontrolou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co tak\u00e9 prohlubuje pocit bezpe\u010d\u00ed je stanoven\u00ed syst\u00e9mu hodnot, a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u00e1t p\u0159\u00edklady toho, jak jich dos\u00e1hnout. Nap\u0159\u00edklad stanovit jako hodnotu \u201erespekt\u201c a definovat ho tak, \u017ee se k ostatn\u00edm budeme chovat tak, jak my chceme, aby se oni chovali k n\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pot\u00e9, co zvl\u00e1dnete u \u017e\u00e1k\u016f uspokojit tyto dv\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pot\u0159eby Maslowovi pyramidy, m\u016f\u017eete stav\u011bt na dal\u0161\u00edch patrech. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 je v\u0161ak st\u00e1le db\u00e1t na to, aby ta patra st\u00e1la na pevn\u00fdch z\u00e1kladech.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0160kola je prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m d\u00edt\u011b tr\u00e1v\u00ed drtivou v\u011bt\u0161inu sv\u00e9ho dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edho \u017eivota. Jej\u00edm \u00fakolem, tedy \u00fakolem pedagoga, je d\u00edt\u011b vzd\u011bl\u00e1vat, ale tak\u00e9 vychov\u00e1vat. K tomu je pot\u0159eba p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vytvo\u0159it prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m se \u017e\u00e1k bude c\u00edtit dob\u0159e. Jak toho v\u0161ak dos\u00e1hnout a co je kl\u00ed\u010dem k \u201ewellbeingu\u201c nejen d\u011bt\u00ed, ale i u\u010ditele? \u010cl\u00e1nek vznikl na z\u00e1klad\u011b […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":10811,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[27,78,39,42,149,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10808","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-budoucnost-skolstvi","category-napady-do-vyuky-praha-skolska","category-praha-skolska","category-pro-pedagogy","category-pro-reditele-skol","category-vzdelavani-pedagogu"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10808","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10808"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10808\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10999,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10808\/revisions\/10999"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10811"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10808"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10808"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prahaskolska.200.solutions\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10808"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}